Enfermedades con eliminación transepidérmica
Palabras clave:
Enfermedades perforantes, eliminación transepidérmica, dermatosis perforante adquiridaResumen
Las enfermedades perforantes constituyen un grupo de diferentes tipos de transtornos cutáneos caracterizados por eliminación transepidérmica de algún componente de la dermis. El material eliminado puede ser extracelular (mucina), tejido conectivo alterado (colágeno o fibras elásticas), células inflamatorias, microorganismos, etc. Las lesiones clínicas son pápulas umbilicadas o nódulos hiperqueratósicos elevados. Pueden ser uni o bilaterales y simétricas. La biopsia de piel es esencial para hacer el diagnóstico. Los hallazgos histológicos son específicos e incluyen una epidermis perforada con una depresión epidérmica en forma de copa. Las tinciones para colágeno y elastina son imprescindibles. Con frecuencia se requieren múltiples cortes seriados para demostrar la perforación. Las enfermedades perforantes más importantes incluyen formas primarias (colagenosis perforante reactiva, foliculitis perforante, enfermedad de Kyrle, dermatosis perforante serpiginosa) y secundarias (granuloma anular, seudoxantoma elástico, etc.). El tratamiento es a menudo poco satisfactorio. En la mayoría de los casos las lesiones se resuelven espontáneamente, pero usualmente recurren.
Biografía del autor/a
María Isabel Arredondo
RIII Dermatología, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Medellín, Colombia
Ángela Londoño
Dermatóloga, docente, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Medellín, Colombia.
Rodrigo Restrepo
Dermatopatólogo, docente dermatopatología, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. Medellín, Colombia
Referencias bibliográficas
1. Lewis KG, Bercovitch L, Dill SW, Robinsom- Bostom L. Acquired disorders of elastic tissue: part I. Increased elastic tissue and solar elastotic syndromes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004; 51: 1-21.
2. Fugimoto N, Akagi A, Tarima S, Ishibashi A, Nomura K, Matsushita A, et al. Expression of the 67-kDa elastin receptor in perforating skin disorders. Br J Dermatol.2002;146: 74-9.
3. Newman JS, Fung MA. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa in a patient with trisomy 21. Dermatol Online J. 2006;12: 5.
4. Mehta RK, Burrows NP, Payne CM, Mendelsohn SS, Pope FM, Rytina F. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa and associated disorders. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2001;26: 521-4.
5. De Pasquale R, Nasca MR, Musumeci ML, Micali G. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa in an adult with Down's syndrome: report of a case with symmetrical localized involvement. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2002;16: 387-9.
6. Lebwohl M. Elastosis perforans Serpiginosa and reactive perforating collagenosis. En: Freedberg I, Eisen A, Wolff K, Austen K, Goldsmith L, Katz S, Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in general medicine. Sixth edition. Mc Graw-Hill pág 1041-5.
7. Deguti MM, Mucenic M, Cancado EL, Tietge UJ. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa secondary to D-penicillamine treatment in a Wilson's disease patient. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:2153-4.
8. Rath N, Bhardwag A, Kar HK, Sharma PK, Bhardwag M, Bharija SC. Penicillamine induced pseudoxanthoma elasticum with elastosis perforans serpiginosa. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2005;71: 182-5.
9. Hill VA, Seymour CA, Mortimer PS. Pencillamine-induced elastosis perforans serpiginosa and cutis laxa in Wilson's disease. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142: 560-1.
10. Vearrier D, Buk RL, Roberts B, Cunninghan BB, Eichenfield LF, Friedlander SF. What is standard of care in the evaluation of elastosis perforans serpiginosa? A survey of pediatric dermatologists. Pediatr Dermatol. 2006; 23: 219-24.
11. McKee P, Calonje E, Granter S. Granulomatous, necrobiotic and perforating dermatosis. En: McKee P, Calonje E, Granter S, Pathology of the skin with clinical correlations. Third Edition Elsevier Mosby. 2005. Pág:287-339.
12. Tuyp EJ, Mc Leod WA. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa: treatment with liquid nitrogen.Int J Dermatol. 1990; 29: 655-6.
13. Outland JD, Brown TS, Callen JP. Tazarotene is an effective therapy for elastosis perforans serpiginosa. Arch Dermatol. 2002; 138: 169-71.
14. Kelly SC, Purcell SM. Imiquimod therapy for elastosis perforans serpiginosa. Arch Dermatol. 2006;142: 829-30.
15. Ratnavel RC, Norris PG. Penicillamine-induced elastosis perforans serpiginosa treated successfully with isotretinoin. Dermatology 1994;189: 81-3.
16. Saxena M, Tope WD. Response of elastosis perforans serpiginosa to pulsed CO2, Er:YAG, and dye lasers. Dermatol Surg. 2003; 29: 677-8.
17. Satchell AC, Crotty K, Lee S. Reactive perforating collagenosis: a condition that may be underdiagnos. Australa J Dermatol. 2001:42: 284-7.
18. Brinkmeier T, Herbst RA, Frosch PJ. Reactive perforating collagenosis associated with scabies in a diabetic. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2004;18: 588-90.
19. Lee HN, Lee DW, Lee JY, Cho BK. Two cases of reactive perforating collagenosis arising at the site of healed herpes zoster. Int J Dermatol. 2001; 40: 191-2.
20. Bong JL, Fleming CJ, Kemeet D. Reactive perforating collagenosis associated with underlying malignancy. Br J Dermatol. 2000; 142: 390-1.
21. Chae KS, Park YM, Cho SH, Cho BK. Reactive perforating collagenosis associated with periampullary carcinoma Br J Dermatol. 1998;139:548-50.
22. Kumar V, Mehdiratta V, Sharma R, Narayan S, Koranne R, Kakar N. Familial reactive perforating collagenosis: A case report. J Dermatol. 1.998; 25:54-6.
23. Kyriaki A, Ephtichia Z, Anna L, Panagiotis D. Reactive perforating collagenosis and acquired perforating Dermatosis: Presentation of Two Cases. J Dermatol. 1997; 24: 170-3.
24. Kawakami T, Saito R. Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis associated with diabetes mellitus: eight cases that meet Faver's criteria. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140: 521-4.
25. Gambichler T, Altmeyer P, Kreuter A. Treatment of acquired perforating dermatosis with narrowband ultraviolet B.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005; 52: 363-4.
26. Brinkmeier T, Schaller J, Herbst RA, Frosch PJ. Successful treatment of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis with doxycycline. Acta Derm Venereol. 2002; 82: 393-5.
27. Hoque SM, Ameen R, Holden CA. Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis: four patients with a giant variant treated with allopurinol. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154:759-62.
28. Querings K, Balda BR, Bachter D. Treatment of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis with allopurinol. Br J Dermatol. 2001;145:174-6.
29. Hinrichs W, Breuckmann F, Altmeyer P, Kreuter A. Acquired perforating dermatosis: a report on 4 cases associated with scabies infection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004; 51: 665-7.
30. Thiele-Ochel S, Schneider LA, Reinhold K, Hunzelmann N, Krieg T, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Acquired perforating collagenosis: is it due to damage by scratching? Br J Dermatol. 2001;145:173-4.
31. Skiba G, Milkiewicz P, Mutimer D, Burns DA, Marsden JR, Elias E. Successful treatment of acquired perforating dermatosis with rifampicin in an Asian patient with sclerosing cholangitis. Liver 1999; 19: 160–3.
32. Rubio FA, Herranz P, Robayna G, Peña JM, Contreras F, Casado M. Perforating folliculitis: report of a case in an HIVinfected man. J Am Acad Dematol 1999; 40 (Pt 2): 300–2.
33. Karpouzis A, Tsatalas C, Sivridis E, Kotsianidis I, Margaritis D, Kouskoukis C, et al. Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis associated with myelodysplastic syndrome evolving to acute myelogenous leukomeia. Australas J Dermatol 2004; 45: 78–9.
34. Bong JL, Fleming CJ, Kemmett D. Reactive perforating collagenosis associated with underlying malignancy. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142: 390–1.
35. Chae KS, Park YM, Cho SH, Cho BK. Reactive perforating collagenosis associated with periampullary carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139: 548–50.
36. Eigentler TK, Metzler G, Brossart P, Fierlbeck G. Acquired perforating collagenosis in Hodgkin's disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52: 922.
37. Rapini RP, Herbert AA, Drucker CR. Acquired perforating dermatosis: evidence for combined transepidermal elimination of both collagen and elastic fibers. Arch dermatol. 1989; 125: 1074-8.
38. Saray Y, Seckin D. Bilezicsi B. Acquired perforating dermatosis: clinicopathological features in twenty-two cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006;20:679-88.
39. Morton C.A. Acquired perforating dermatosis in a British dialysis population. British Journal of Dermatology 1996; 135: 671-7.
40. Bilezicsi B, Seckin D, Demirhan D. Acquired perforating dermatosis in patients with chronic renal failure: a possible pathogenetic role for fibronectin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2003;17:230-2.
41. Maurice PD, Neild GH. Acquired perforating dermatosis and diabetic nephropathy--a case report and review of the literature. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1997;22: 291-4.
42. Farell AM. Acquired perforating dermatosis in renal and diabetic patients. Lancet. 1997;349:895-6.
43. Zelger B, Hintner H, Aubock J, Fritsch PO, Acquired perforating dermatosis. Transepidermal elimination of DNA material and possible role of leukocytes in pathogenesis. Arch Dermatol. 1991;127:695-700.
44. Skiba G, Mikiewicz P, Mutimer D, Burns DA, Marsden JR, Elias E. Successful treatment of acquired perforating dermatosis with rifampicin in an Asian patient with sclerosing cholangitis. Liver. 1999;19:160-3.
45. Patterson JW, Brown PC. Ultrastructural changes in acquired perforating dermatosis. Int J Dermatol. 1992; 31:201-5.
46. Patterson JW. The perforating disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1984; 10:561-81.
47. Mehregan AH, Coskey RJ. Perforating folliculitis. Arch Dermatol 1968;97:394-9.
48. Magna S, Koranne RV, Sardana K, Mendiratta V, Maman A. Perforating folliculitis with jaundice in an Indian male: a rare case with sclerosing cholangitis. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150: 614-6.
49. Gilaberte Y, Coscojuela C, Vazquez C, Rosello R, Vera J. Perforating folliculitis associated with tumour necrosis factoralpha inhibitors administered for rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156: 368-71.
50. Patterson JW, Graff GE, Eubanks SW. Perforating folliculitis and psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982; 7: 369–76.
51. Hurtwitz RM. The evolution of perforating folliculitis in patientswith chronic renal failure. Am J Dermatopathol 1985; 7:231–9.
52. Rubio FA, Herrans P, Robayna G, Pena JM, Contreras F, Casado M. Perforating folliculitis:report of a case in an HIVinfected man.J Am Acad Dermatol.1999;40: 300-2.
53. White CR Jr, Heskel NS, Pokorny DJ. Perforating folliculitis of hemodialysis. Am J Dermatopathol. 1982; 4:109-16
54. Golusin Z, Poljacki M, Matovic L, Tasic S, Vuckovic N. Kyrle's disease. Med Pregl. 2002; 55:47-50.
55. Kasiakou SK, Peppas G, Kapaskelis AM, Falagas MF. Regression of skin lesions of Kyrle's disease with clindamycin: implications for an infectious component in the etiology of the disease. J Infect. 2005; 50: 412-6.
56. Alyahya GA, Heegaard S, Prause JU. Ocular changes in a case of Kyrle’s disease. 20-year follow-up. Acta Ophtalmol Scand 2000;78:585–9.
57. Farrar CW, Bell HK, Dobson CM, Sharpe GR. Perforating granuloma annulare presenting on the ears. Br J Dermatol. 2002;147:1026-8.
58. Jackson MD, Pratt L, Lawson P. Asymptomatic papules on a child. Perforating granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137: 1647-52.
59. Farrar CW, Bell HK, Dobson CM, Sharpe GR. Perforating granuloma annulare presenting on the ears. Br J Dermatol. 2002; 147: 1026-27.
60. Gamo R, Sopena J, Guerra A, Vergara A, Rodríguez JL, Iglesias L. Pustular generalizad perforating granuoma annulare. Br J Dermatol. 2003; 149:866-8.
61. Krahl D, Hartschun W, Tilgen W. Granuloma annulare perforans in herpes zoster scars. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;859-62.
62. Ratnavel RC, Norris P. Perforating granuloma annulare: response to treatment with isotretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32: 126–7.
63. Choi J, Bae J, Cho S, Choi J, Sung K, Moon K, Koh J. Generalized perforating granuloma annulare in an infant. Pediatric Dermatol. 2003;20: 131-3.
2. Fugimoto N, Akagi A, Tarima S, Ishibashi A, Nomura K, Matsushita A, et al. Expression of the 67-kDa elastin receptor in perforating skin disorders. Br J Dermatol.2002;146: 74-9.
3. Newman JS, Fung MA. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa in a patient with trisomy 21. Dermatol Online J. 2006;12: 5.
4. Mehta RK, Burrows NP, Payne CM, Mendelsohn SS, Pope FM, Rytina F. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa and associated disorders. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2001;26: 521-4.
5. De Pasquale R, Nasca MR, Musumeci ML, Micali G. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa in an adult with Down's syndrome: report of a case with symmetrical localized involvement. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2002;16: 387-9.
6. Lebwohl M. Elastosis perforans Serpiginosa and reactive perforating collagenosis. En: Freedberg I, Eisen A, Wolff K, Austen K, Goldsmith L, Katz S, Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in general medicine. Sixth edition. Mc Graw-Hill pág 1041-5.
7. Deguti MM, Mucenic M, Cancado EL, Tietge UJ. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa secondary to D-penicillamine treatment in a Wilson's disease patient. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:2153-4.
8. Rath N, Bhardwag A, Kar HK, Sharma PK, Bhardwag M, Bharija SC. Penicillamine induced pseudoxanthoma elasticum with elastosis perforans serpiginosa. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2005;71: 182-5.
9. Hill VA, Seymour CA, Mortimer PS. Pencillamine-induced elastosis perforans serpiginosa and cutis laxa in Wilson's disease. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142: 560-1.
10. Vearrier D, Buk RL, Roberts B, Cunninghan BB, Eichenfield LF, Friedlander SF. What is standard of care in the evaluation of elastosis perforans serpiginosa? A survey of pediatric dermatologists. Pediatr Dermatol. 2006; 23: 219-24.
11. McKee P, Calonje E, Granter S. Granulomatous, necrobiotic and perforating dermatosis. En: McKee P, Calonje E, Granter S, Pathology of the skin with clinical correlations. Third Edition Elsevier Mosby. 2005. Pág:287-339.
12. Tuyp EJ, Mc Leod WA. Elastosis perforans serpiginosa: treatment with liquid nitrogen.Int J Dermatol. 1990; 29: 655-6.
13. Outland JD, Brown TS, Callen JP. Tazarotene is an effective therapy for elastosis perforans serpiginosa. Arch Dermatol. 2002; 138: 169-71.
14. Kelly SC, Purcell SM. Imiquimod therapy for elastosis perforans serpiginosa. Arch Dermatol. 2006;142: 829-30.
15. Ratnavel RC, Norris PG. Penicillamine-induced elastosis perforans serpiginosa treated successfully with isotretinoin. Dermatology 1994;189: 81-3.
16. Saxena M, Tope WD. Response of elastosis perforans serpiginosa to pulsed CO2, Er:YAG, and dye lasers. Dermatol Surg. 2003; 29: 677-8.
17. Satchell AC, Crotty K, Lee S. Reactive perforating collagenosis: a condition that may be underdiagnos. Australa J Dermatol. 2001:42: 284-7.
18. Brinkmeier T, Herbst RA, Frosch PJ. Reactive perforating collagenosis associated with scabies in a diabetic. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2004;18: 588-90.
19. Lee HN, Lee DW, Lee JY, Cho BK. Two cases of reactive perforating collagenosis arising at the site of healed herpes zoster. Int J Dermatol. 2001; 40: 191-2.
20. Bong JL, Fleming CJ, Kemeet D. Reactive perforating collagenosis associated with underlying malignancy. Br J Dermatol. 2000; 142: 390-1.
21. Chae KS, Park YM, Cho SH, Cho BK. Reactive perforating collagenosis associated with periampullary carcinoma Br J Dermatol. 1998;139:548-50.
22. Kumar V, Mehdiratta V, Sharma R, Narayan S, Koranne R, Kakar N. Familial reactive perforating collagenosis: A case report. J Dermatol. 1.998; 25:54-6.
23. Kyriaki A, Ephtichia Z, Anna L, Panagiotis D. Reactive perforating collagenosis and acquired perforating Dermatosis: Presentation of Two Cases. J Dermatol. 1997; 24: 170-3.
24. Kawakami T, Saito R. Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis associated with diabetes mellitus: eight cases that meet Faver's criteria. Br J Dermatol. 1999;140: 521-4.
25. Gambichler T, Altmeyer P, Kreuter A. Treatment of acquired perforating dermatosis with narrowband ultraviolet B.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005; 52: 363-4.
26. Brinkmeier T, Schaller J, Herbst RA, Frosch PJ. Successful treatment of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis with doxycycline. Acta Derm Venereol. 2002; 82: 393-5.
27. Hoque SM, Ameen R, Holden CA. Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis: four patients with a giant variant treated with allopurinol. Br J Dermatol. 2006;154:759-62.
28. Querings K, Balda BR, Bachter D. Treatment of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis with allopurinol. Br J Dermatol. 2001;145:174-6.
29. Hinrichs W, Breuckmann F, Altmeyer P, Kreuter A. Acquired perforating dermatosis: a report on 4 cases associated with scabies infection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004; 51: 665-7.
30. Thiele-Ochel S, Schneider LA, Reinhold K, Hunzelmann N, Krieg T, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Acquired perforating collagenosis: is it due to damage by scratching? Br J Dermatol. 2001;145:173-4.
31. Skiba G, Milkiewicz P, Mutimer D, Burns DA, Marsden JR, Elias E. Successful treatment of acquired perforating dermatosis with rifampicin in an Asian patient with sclerosing cholangitis. Liver 1999; 19: 160–3.
32. Rubio FA, Herranz P, Robayna G, Peña JM, Contreras F, Casado M. Perforating folliculitis: report of a case in an HIVinfected man. J Am Acad Dematol 1999; 40 (Pt 2): 300–2.
33. Karpouzis A, Tsatalas C, Sivridis E, Kotsianidis I, Margaritis D, Kouskoukis C, et al. Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis associated with myelodysplastic syndrome evolving to acute myelogenous leukomeia. Australas J Dermatol 2004; 45: 78–9.
34. Bong JL, Fleming CJ, Kemmett D. Reactive perforating collagenosis associated with underlying malignancy. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142: 390–1.
35. Chae KS, Park YM, Cho SH, Cho BK. Reactive perforating collagenosis associated with periampullary carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139: 548–50.
36. Eigentler TK, Metzler G, Brossart P, Fierlbeck G. Acquired perforating collagenosis in Hodgkin's disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52: 922.
37. Rapini RP, Herbert AA, Drucker CR. Acquired perforating dermatosis: evidence for combined transepidermal elimination of both collagen and elastic fibers. Arch dermatol. 1989; 125: 1074-8.
38. Saray Y, Seckin D. Bilezicsi B. Acquired perforating dermatosis: clinicopathological features in twenty-two cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006;20:679-88.
39. Morton C.A. Acquired perforating dermatosis in a British dialysis population. British Journal of Dermatology 1996; 135: 671-7.
40. Bilezicsi B, Seckin D, Demirhan D. Acquired perforating dermatosis in patients with chronic renal failure: a possible pathogenetic role for fibronectin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2003;17:230-2.
41. Maurice PD, Neild GH. Acquired perforating dermatosis and diabetic nephropathy--a case report and review of the literature. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1997;22: 291-4.
42. Farell AM. Acquired perforating dermatosis in renal and diabetic patients. Lancet. 1997;349:895-6.
43. Zelger B, Hintner H, Aubock J, Fritsch PO, Acquired perforating dermatosis. Transepidermal elimination of DNA material and possible role of leukocytes in pathogenesis. Arch Dermatol. 1991;127:695-700.
44. Skiba G, Mikiewicz P, Mutimer D, Burns DA, Marsden JR, Elias E. Successful treatment of acquired perforating dermatosis with rifampicin in an Asian patient with sclerosing cholangitis. Liver. 1999;19:160-3.
45. Patterson JW, Brown PC. Ultrastructural changes in acquired perforating dermatosis. Int J Dermatol. 1992; 31:201-5.
46. Patterson JW. The perforating disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1984; 10:561-81.
47. Mehregan AH, Coskey RJ. Perforating folliculitis. Arch Dermatol 1968;97:394-9.
48. Magna S, Koranne RV, Sardana K, Mendiratta V, Maman A. Perforating folliculitis with jaundice in an Indian male: a rare case with sclerosing cholangitis. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150: 614-6.
49. Gilaberte Y, Coscojuela C, Vazquez C, Rosello R, Vera J. Perforating folliculitis associated with tumour necrosis factoralpha inhibitors administered for rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156: 368-71.
50. Patterson JW, Graff GE, Eubanks SW. Perforating folliculitis and psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982; 7: 369–76.
51. Hurtwitz RM. The evolution of perforating folliculitis in patientswith chronic renal failure. Am J Dermatopathol 1985; 7:231–9.
52. Rubio FA, Herrans P, Robayna G, Pena JM, Contreras F, Casado M. Perforating folliculitis:report of a case in an HIVinfected man.J Am Acad Dermatol.1999;40: 300-2.
53. White CR Jr, Heskel NS, Pokorny DJ. Perforating folliculitis of hemodialysis. Am J Dermatopathol. 1982; 4:109-16
54. Golusin Z, Poljacki M, Matovic L, Tasic S, Vuckovic N. Kyrle's disease. Med Pregl. 2002; 55:47-50.
55. Kasiakou SK, Peppas G, Kapaskelis AM, Falagas MF. Regression of skin lesions of Kyrle's disease with clindamycin: implications for an infectious component in the etiology of the disease. J Infect. 2005; 50: 412-6.
56. Alyahya GA, Heegaard S, Prause JU. Ocular changes in a case of Kyrle’s disease. 20-year follow-up. Acta Ophtalmol Scand 2000;78:585–9.
57. Farrar CW, Bell HK, Dobson CM, Sharpe GR. Perforating granuloma annulare presenting on the ears. Br J Dermatol. 2002;147:1026-8.
58. Jackson MD, Pratt L, Lawson P. Asymptomatic papules on a child. Perforating granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol. 2001;137: 1647-52.
59. Farrar CW, Bell HK, Dobson CM, Sharpe GR. Perforating granuloma annulare presenting on the ears. Br J Dermatol. 2002; 147: 1026-27.
60. Gamo R, Sopena J, Guerra A, Vergara A, Rodríguez JL, Iglesias L. Pustular generalizad perforating granuoma annulare. Br J Dermatol. 2003; 149:866-8.
61. Krahl D, Hartschun W, Tilgen W. Granuloma annulare perforans in herpes zoster scars. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;859-62.
62. Ratnavel RC, Norris P. Perforating granuloma annulare: response to treatment with isotretinoin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32: 126–7.
63. Choi J, Bae J, Cho S, Choi J, Sung K, Moon K, Koh J. Generalized perforating granuloma annulare in an infant. Pediatric Dermatol. 2003;20: 131-3.
Cómo citar
1.
Arredondo MI, Londoño Ángela, Restrepo R. Enfermedades con eliminación transepidérmica. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 6 de febrero de 2019 [citado 18 de abril de 2024];16(3):185-9. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/114
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Cómo citar
1.
Arredondo MI, Londoño Ángela, Restrepo R. Enfermedades con eliminación transepidérmica. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 6 de febrero de 2019 [citado 18 de abril de 2024];16(3):185-9. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/114
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