Alopecia areata, nuevos hallazgos en histopatología y fisiopatología

Autores/as

  • Rodrigo Restrepo
  • Lucía Mercedes Niño

Palabras clave:

alopecia, alopecia areata, no cicatricial, patología

Resumen

La alopecia areata es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria específica de órgano, dada por el colapso del privilegio inmunitario del folículo piloso. Constituye una causa muy común de alopecia no cicatricial.
Las características histopatológicas dependen de la etapa de la enfermedad. La característica microscópica más frecuente corresponde al infiltrado inflamatorio linfocitario peribulbar; sin embargo, en ocasiones ni este ni otros hallazgos son visibles, dependiendo de la etapa en la que se toma la biopsia. En las etapas tempranas, se observa en los folículos un infiltrado inflamatorio linfocitario variable en la región peribulbar; luego este hallazgo disminuye y, en cambio, se observan numerosos folículos pilosos miniaturizados y en telógeno. En las fases tardías de la alopecia areata, la mayoría de los folículos pilosos se encuentran en catágeno y telógeno.
Se debe sospechar alopecia areata cuando un alto porcentaje de los folículos pilosos están miniaturizados y se encuentran en telógeno, incluso en ausencia del infiltrado linfocitico peribulbar.

Biografía del autor/a

Rodrigo Restrepo

Médico dermatopatólogo, Programa de Especialización en Dermatopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES; instructor asociado de Patología y Dermatología, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; director, Laboratorio de Patología, Clínica Medellín, Medellín, Colombia

Lucía Mercedes Niño

Médica, residente de Patología, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

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Cómo citar

1.
Restrepo R, Niño LM. Alopecia areata, nuevos hallazgos en histopatología y fisiopatología. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 18 de febrero de 2019 [citado 28 de marzo de 2024];20(1):41-53. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/209

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2019-02-18

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1.
Restrepo R, Niño LM. Alopecia areata, nuevos hallazgos en histopatología y fisiopatología. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 18 de febrero de 2019 [citado 28 de marzo de 2024];20(1):41-53. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/209

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