Los receptores tipo Toll: "los ojos de la inmunidad innata"
Palabras clave:
receptores tipo toll, TLR, inmunidad innataResumen
Los receptores tipo tol/son una familia de proteínas recientemente descubiertas, con propiedades importantes en la inmunidad innata como son el reconocimiento de estructuras moleculares conservadas asociadas con los microorganismos. Esta revisión trata aspectos de la función de los receptores tipo tolly sus aplicaciones en dermatología.
Biografía del autor/a
Ximena Hormaza, Universidad del Valle
RIII Dermatologla Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Referencias bibliográficas
1. Janeway Ch, Medzhitov R. lnnate lmmune recognition. Annu Rev lmmunol. 2002; 20 :197-216.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359
2. Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nature Rev lnmunol. 2001: 135-145.
https://doi.org/10.1038/35100529
3. SchwarzT. Skin lmmunity. BritJ Dermatol. 2003;149:2-4.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0366-077X.2003.05624.x
4. Beutler B. Toll-like receptors: how they work and what they do. Curr Opin Hematol. 2002;9:2-10.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00062752-200201000-00002
5. Gura T. http://info.med.yale.edu/externa1/pubs/ym_spo2
6. Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors. Annu Rev lmmunol 2003; 21 :335-376.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126
7. Hoffmann JA.The lmmune response of Drosophila. Nature. 2003;6:4226(6962):33-38 Abstract.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02021
8. Werling D, Jungi T.W. Toll-like receptors linking innate and adaptative immune response. Vet lmmunol lmmunopathol. 2003;91: 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00228-3
9. Song P. Human keratinocytes express functional CD14 and toll-like receptors. J lnvest Dermatol. 2002; 119: 424-32.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01847.x
10. Akira S. Mammalian toll-like receptors. Curr Opin lmmunol. 2003; 15:5-11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-7915(02)00013-4
11. Fukao T, Koyasu S. Pi3K and negative regulation of TLR signalling. Trends lmmunol 2003; 24:358-363.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00139-X
12. Underhill D, Ozynsky A. Toll-like receptors: key mediators of microbe detection .Curren! Opin in lmmunol 2002; 14:103-110.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-7915(01)00304-1
13. Chuang T, Ulevitch RJ . ldentification of hTLR1 O: a novel toll-like receptor preferentially expressed in immune cells. Biochim Biophys Acta . 2001 ;1518:1557-61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4781(00)00289-X
14. TschoppJF, Martinon et al. NALP: a novel protein family involved in inflammation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003;4:95-104.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm1019
15. Medzhitov R, Janeway C. lnnate lmmunity. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:338-344.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200008033430506
16. Trinchieri G. lnterleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptative immunity. Nat Rev lmmunol 2003; 3: 133-46.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1001
17. Carrillo-Esper R. lmmunity innate, toll receptors and sepsis. Cir Ciruj 2003; 71 :252-258.
18. Abbas AK. Inmunología celular y molecular. McGraw Hill lnteramericana. 4ª edición. Capítulo 15: 355-375.
19. Kirschining CJ. Toll-like receptors and innate antifun- gal responses. Trends Microbio! 2004;12:44-49.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2003.11.003
20. Becker 1, Salaiza N. Leishmania lipophosphoglycan (LPG) activates NK cells through toll-like receptor 2 . Molecular and Biochem Parasitol 2003;31 :65-74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00160-9
21. De Veer MJ, Curtís JM, Balwin TM, et al. MyD88 is es- sential for clearance of Leishmania major. possible role for lipophosphoglycan and toll receptor -2 signaling. Eur J lmmunol. 2003; 33: 2822-2831.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200324128
22. De Trez C, Brait M. MyD88-depends in vivomaturation of splenic dendritic cells induced by Leishmania dono-vani and other Leishmania species. lnfect lmmunol 2004; 72:824-832.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.2.824-832.2004
23. Lawton JA Ghost P. Novel Therapeutic strategies ba-sed on toll-like receptor signaling. Curr Opin in Chem. Boil 2003;7:446-451.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-5931(03)00077-2
24. Fujimoto C, Nakagawa Y, Ohara K. et al. Polyriboinisi-nic polyribocytidylic acid poly(l:C)/TLR3 signaling allo-ws class I processing of exogenous protein and induc-tion of HIV - specific CDS+ cytotoxic T Lymphocytes . lnt lmmunol 2004; 16:55-63.
https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxh025
25. Burzyn D, Rassa JC, Kim D, et al. Toll-like receptor -4 dependen! activation of dendritic cells by retrovirus. J Viral 2004; 78:576-584.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.2.576-584.2004
26. Kurt-Jones EA, Chan M. Herpes simplex virus 1 infec-tion with toll-like receptor 2 contributes to lethal ence- phalitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004; 101 :1315-1320.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308057100
27. Shkar AA, Bauer S, Mitchell WJ, et al. Local delivery of CpG oligodeoxinucleotides induces rapid changes in the genital mucosa and inhibits replication, but no entry, of herpes simplex virus type 2. Virol 2003; 77:8948-8956.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.77.16.8948-8956.2003
28. Krutzik SR, Ochoa MT, Sieling PA, et al. Activation and regulation of toll-like receptors 2 and 1 human leprosy. Nat Med 2003; 9:525-532.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nm864
29. Oliveira RB, Ochoa MT, Sieling PA, et al. Expression of toll-like receptors 2 on human Schwann cells: a me- chanism of nerve damage in leprosy. lnfect lmmunol 2003;71 :1427-1433.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.3.1427-1433.2003
30. Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. The role of heat shock proteins in Behcet's disease. Clin Exp Rheuma-tol. 2003; 21 :S44-S48.
31. Gollnick H, Cunliffe WJ. Management of acne: A report from a Global Alliance to improve outcome in acne. 2003; 49:S1-S11.
https://doi.org/10.1067/S0190-9622(03)02455-1
32. Kim J, Ochoa MT, Krutzik SR, et al. Activation of toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytoquine response. J lmmunol 2002;169:1535-1541.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.169.3.1535
33. Vega B. World Congress of Dermatology 2002. Paris-France.
34. O'Neill LA. Therapeutic targeting of toll-like receptors for inflammatory and infectious. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2003;3:396-403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4892(03)00080-8
35. Baker BS, Ovigne JM, Powles AV, et al. Normal kerati-nocytes express toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2, and 5: modulation of TLR expression in chronic plaque pso-riasis. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:670-79.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05287.x
36. Van Eden W, Koets A, et al. lmmunopotentiating heat shock proteins: negotiators between innate danger and control of autoimmunity. Vaccine 2003; 21 :897-901.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00538-8
37. Horner AA, Raz E. Do microbes influence the pathoge-nesis of allergic diseases? Building the case for toll- like receptor ligands. Curr Opin lmmunol 2003; 15:614-619.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2003.09.021
38. Bellou A, Schaub B, Ting L. Toll-like receptors modu-late allergic responses: interaction with dendritic cells, T cells and mast cells. Curr Opin Allergy Clin lmmunol. 2003; 3:487-494.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00130832-200312000-00011
39. Marshall JS, McCurdy JD, Olynych T. Toll-like recep-tor-mediated activation of mast cells: implications for allergic diseases? lnt Arch Allergy lmmunol. 2003; 132:87-97.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000073709
40. Supajatura V, Ushio H, Nakao A. Differential response of mast cell toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in allergy and innate immunity. J Clin lnvest. 2002; 109:1351-1359.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI0214704
41. Brugnolo F. The novel synthetic immune response modifier R-848 (Resiquimod) shifts human allergen-specific CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes into IFN- SIGNO - producing cells. J Allergy Clin lmmunol 2003; 111 :380-388.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.102
42. Meyer T, Nindl 1, Schmook T, et al. lnduction of apopto-sis by toll-like receptor-? agonist in tissue cultures. Br J Dermatol. 2003; 149:9-14.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0366-077X.2003.05632.x
43. Jiang W, Pisetzky DS. Enhancing immunonogenicity by CpG DNA. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2003;5:180-185.
44. Seya T, Akazawa T, Uehori J, et al. Toll-like receptors and their adaptors in adjuvant immunotherapy for can-cer. Anticancer Res. 2003;23:4369-4376.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359
2. Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nature Rev lnmunol. 2001: 135-145.
https://doi.org/10.1038/35100529
3. SchwarzT. Skin lmmunity. BritJ Dermatol. 2003;149:2-4.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0366-077X.2003.05624.x
4. Beutler B. Toll-like receptors: how they work and what they do. Curr Opin Hematol. 2002;9:2-10.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00062752-200201000-00002
5. Gura T. http://info.med.yale.edu/externa1/pubs/ym_spo2
6. Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors. Annu Rev lmmunol 2003; 21 :335-376.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126
7. Hoffmann JA.The lmmune response of Drosophila. Nature. 2003;6:4226(6962):33-38 Abstract.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02021
8. Werling D, Jungi T.W. Toll-like receptors linking innate and adaptative immune response. Vet lmmunol lmmunopathol. 2003;91: 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00228-3
9. Song P. Human keratinocytes express functional CD14 and toll-like receptors. J lnvest Dermatol. 2002; 119: 424-32.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01847.x
10. Akira S. Mammalian toll-like receptors. Curr Opin lmmunol. 2003; 15:5-11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-7915(02)00013-4
11. Fukao T, Koyasu S. Pi3K and negative regulation of TLR signalling. Trends lmmunol 2003; 24:358-363.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4906(03)00139-X
12. Underhill D, Ozynsky A. Toll-like receptors: key mediators of microbe detection .Curren! Opin in lmmunol 2002; 14:103-110.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-7915(01)00304-1
13. Chuang T, Ulevitch RJ . ldentification of hTLR1 O: a novel toll-like receptor preferentially expressed in immune cells. Biochim Biophys Acta . 2001 ;1518:1557-61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4781(00)00289-X
14. TschoppJF, Martinon et al. NALP: a novel protein family involved in inflammation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003;4:95-104.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm1019
15. Medzhitov R, Janeway C. lnnate lmmunity. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:338-344.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200008033430506
16. Trinchieri G. lnterleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptative immunity. Nat Rev lmmunol 2003; 3: 133-46.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1001
17. Carrillo-Esper R. lmmunity innate, toll receptors and sepsis. Cir Ciruj 2003; 71 :252-258.
18. Abbas AK. Inmunología celular y molecular. McGraw Hill lnteramericana. 4ª edición. Capítulo 15: 355-375.
19. Kirschining CJ. Toll-like receptors and innate antifun- gal responses. Trends Microbio! 2004;12:44-49.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2003.11.003
20. Becker 1, Salaiza N. Leishmania lipophosphoglycan (LPG) activates NK cells through toll-like receptor 2 . Molecular and Biochem Parasitol 2003;31 :65-74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00160-9
21. De Veer MJ, Curtís JM, Balwin TM, et al. MyD88 is es- sential for clearance of Leishmania major. possible role for lipophosphoglycan and toll receptor -2 signaling. Eur J lmmunol. 2003; 33: 2822-2831.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200324128
22. De Trez C, Brait M. MyD88-depends in vivomaturation of splenic dendritic cells induced by Leishmania dono-vani and other Leishmania species. lnfect lmmunol 2004; 72:824-832.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.2.824-832.2004
23. Lawton JA Ghost P. Novel Therapeutic strategies ba-sed on toll-like receptor signaling. Curr Opin in Chem. Boil 2003;7:446-451.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-5931(03)00077-2
24. Fujimoto C, Nakagawa Y, Ohara K. et al. Polyriboinisi-nic polyribocytidylic acid poly(l:C)/TLR3 signaling allo-ws class I processing of exogenous protein and induc-tion of HIV - specific CDS+ cytotoxic T Lymphocytes . lnt lmmunol 2004; 16:55-63.
https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxh025
25. Burzyn D, Rassa JC, Kim D, et al. Toll-like receptor -4 dependen! activation of dendritic cells by retrovirus. J Viral 2004; 78:576-584.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.2.576-584.2004
26. Kurt-Jones EA, Chan M. Herpes simplex virus 1 infec-tion with toll-like receptor 2 contributes to lethal ence- phalitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004; 101 :1315-1320.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308057100
27. Shkar AA, Bauer S, Mitchell WJ, et al. Local delivery of CpG oligodeoxinucleotides induces rapid changes in the genital mucosa and inhibits replication, but no entry, of herpes simplex virus type 2. Virol 2003; 77:8948-8956.
https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.77.16.8948-8956.2003
28. Krutzik SR, Ochoa MT, Sieling PA, et al. Activation and regulation of toll-like receptors 2 and 1 human leprosy. Nat Med 2003; 9:525-532.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nm864
29. Oliveira RB, Ochoa MT, Sieling PA, et al. Expression of toll-like receptors 2 on human Schwann cells: a me- chanism of nerve damage in leprosy. lnfect lmmunol 2003;71 :1427-1433.
https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.3.1427-1433.2003
30. Direskeneli H, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. The role of heat shock proteins in Behcet's disease. Clin Exp Rheuma-tol. 2003; 21 :S44-S48.
31. Gollnick H, Cunliffe WJ. Management of acne: A report from a Global Alliance to improve outcome in acne. 2003; 49:S1-S11.
https://doi.org/10.1067/S0190-9622(03)02455-1
32. Kim J, Ochoa MT, Krutzik SR, et al. Activation of toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytoquine response. J lmmunol 2002;169:1535-1541.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.169.3.1535
33. Vega B. World Congress of Dermatology 2002. Paris-France.
34. O'Neill LA. Therapeutic targeting of toll-like receptors for inflammatory and infectious. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2003;3:396-403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-4892(03)00080-8
35. Baker BS, Ovigne JM, Powles AV, et al. Normal kerati-nocytes express toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2, and 5: modulation of TLR expression in chronic plaque pso-riasis. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:670-79.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05287.x
36. Van Eden W, Koets A, et al. lmmunopotentiating heat shock proteins: negotiators between innate danger and control of autoimmunity. Vaccine 2003; 21 :897-901.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00538-8
37. Horner AA, Raz E. Do microbes influence the pathoge-nesis of allergic diseases? Building the case for toll- like receptor ligands. Curr Opin lmmunol 2003; 15:614-619.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2003.09.021
38. Bellou A, Schaub B, Ting L. Toll-like receptors modu-late allergic responses: interaction with dendritic cells, T cells and mast cells. Curr Opin Allergy Clin lmmunol. 2003; 3:487-494.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00130832-200312000-00011
39. Marshall JS, McCurdy JD, Olynych T. Toll-like recep-tor-mediated activation of mast cells: implications for allergic diseases? lnt Arch Allergy lmmunol. 2003; 132:87-97.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000073709
40. Supajatura V, Ushio H, Nakao A. Differential response of mast cell toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in allergy and innate immunity. J Clin lnvest. 2002; 109:1351-1359.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI0214704
41. Brugnolo F. The novel synthetic immune response modifier R-848 (Resiquimod) shifts human allergen-specific CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes into IFN- SIGNO - producing cells. J Allergy Clin lmmunol 2003; 111 :380-388.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.102
42. Meyer T, Nindl 1, Schmook T, et al. lnduction of apopto-sis by toll-like receptor-? agonist in tissue cultures. Br J Dermatol. 2003; 149:9-14.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0366-077X.2003.05632.x
43. Jiang W, Pisetzky DS. Enhancing immunonogenicity by CpG DNA. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2003;5:180-185.
44. Seya T, Akazawa T, Uehori J, et al. Toll-like receptors and their adaptors in adjuvant immunotherapy for can-cer. Anticancer Res. 2003;23:4369-4376.
Cómo citar
1.
Hormaza X. Los receptores tipo Toll: "los ojos de la inmunidad innata". rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 1 de junio de 2004 [citado 20 de abril de 2024];12(2):29-38. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/572
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Cómo citar
1.
Hormaza X. Los receptores tipo Toll: "los ojos de la inmunidad innata". rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 1 de junio de 2004 [citado 20 de abril de 2024];12(2):29-38. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/572
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