Biología de la cicatrización
Palabras clave:
cicatrización, factores de crecimiento, citoquinas, colágenoResumen
Las heridas se clasifican, según el tiempo de evolución en agudas y crónicas, y según su extensión en heridas de espesor parcial y total. El proceso de cicatrización se divide en cuatro fases: l. Hemostasia, donde las plaquetas, y la cascada de coagulación, además de cumplir funciones hemostáticas, aportan una matriz y una serie de moléculas proinflamatorias necesarias para iniciar la reparación. 11. Inflamación, donde polimorfonucleares, monocitos y linfocitos se encargan de debridar y liberar factores de crecimiento y citoquinas para estimular los procesos siguientes. 111. Proliferación, se reemplazan todos los tejidos perdidos en la herida por medio del proceso de re-epitelización, fibroplasia y angiogénesis, y IV. Remodelación, donde se remodela la cicatriz y recupera la fuerza tensil. Para que todos estos procesos puedan ser llevados a cabo exitosamente, se requiere de factores de crecimiento y citoquinas producidos por una gran variedad de células, cada uno con receptores específicos y funciones determinadas que regulan la proliferación, migración y diferenciación celular.
Biografía del autor/a
Adriana Cruz, Universidad del Valle
Residente JI Dermatología, Universidad del Valle, Cali.
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