Patrones de tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes adultos con dermatitis atópica
Resumen
Introducción: la dermatitis atópica es una enfermedad cutánea inflamatoria crónica, con una prevalencia estimada entre el 2% y el 17% en adultos.
Objetivo: determinar los patrones de prescripción de medicamentos para el tratamiento de pacientes adultos colombianos con diagnóstico de dermatitis atópica durante el año 2017.
Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional que analizó los registros de prescripción entre enero y diciembre de 2017, de pacientes con diagnóstico de dermatitis atópica, con edad mayor de 18 años. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas y farmacológicas (corticosteroides tópicos y sistémicos, inhibidores de la calcineurina, inmunomoduladores y antihistamínicos); además, los medicamentos concomitantes. Resultados: se identificaron 15839 pacientes con dermatitis atópica, con edad media de 43,5±25,8 años y mayoría de mujeres (63,7%). Se estimó una prevalencia del 0,3% de adultos registrados en 2017 y una incidencia de 361,0 casos nuevos por cada 100.000 personas año. Los corticosteroides tópicos fueron los medicamentos más prescritos (84,4%), seguidos por los antihistamínicos (59,3%), los corticosteroides sistémicos (32,6%), los inmunomoduladores (1,7%) y los inhibidores de la calcineurina (1,2%). El 56,8% de los pacientes recibían terapia combinada.
Conclusión: la dermatitis atópica y su tratamiento son poco notificados en el país. Afecta principalmente a las mujeres adultas que son tratadas con corticosteroides tópicos, en monoterapia o combinados con anti[1]histamínicos, y corticosteroides sistémicos durante cortos períodos. Los inmunomoduladores e inhibidores de la calcineurina son poco empleados.
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