Estrés oxidativo y antioxidantes: cómo mantener el equilibrio
Palabras clave:
antioxidantes, estrés oxidativo, oxidación, enzimas
Resumen
El estrés oxidativo originado por altas concentraciones de radicales libres y especies reactivas, derivadas de radicales o no, se considera causa de daño a los organismos vivos y a sus constituyentes celulares, de cáncer, de infecciones, de envejecimiento y de enfermedades inflamatorias y degenerativas, entre otras.
Sin embargo, algunos de ellos, como el óxido nítrico, son necesarios e importantes para los procesos de señalización y otras funciones fisiológicas, como por ejemplo, el mantenimiento del tono vascular y la tensión de oxígeno, y para la producción de eritropoyetina.
Los tratamientos e investigaciones se enfocan cada vez más hacia cómo mantener el equilibrio o restablecer la homeostasis de óxido- reducción, para tratar los procesos patológicos y favorecer los fisiológicos.
Citas
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2. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Oxidative stress: Adaptation, damage, repair and death. In: Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999.
3. Halliwell B, Whiteman M. Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and cell culture. How should you do it and what does it mean? Br J Pharmacol. 2004;142:231-55.
4. Halliwell B. Free radicals and antioxidants: a personal view. Nutrition Reviews. 1994;52:253-65.
5. Opara E. Oxidative stress. Dis Mon. 2006;52:183-98.
6. Turrens J. Superoxide production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Biosci Rep. 1997;17:3-8..
7. Beckman JS, Koppenol WH. Nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:1424-37.
8. Haliwell B. Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. Plant Physiol. 2006;141:312-22.
9. Thannickal VJ, Fanburg BL. Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling. Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000;279:1005-28.
10. Ghafourifar P, Cadenas E. Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2005;26:190-95.
11. Lau D, Baldus S. Myeloperoxidase and its contributory role in inflammatory vascular disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2006;111:16-26.
12. Mc Adam BF, Mardini IA, Habib A, Burke A, Lawson JA, Kapoor S, et al. Effect of regulated expression of human cyclooxygenase isoforms on eicosanoid and isoeicosanoid production in inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2000;105:1473-82.
13. Liu W, Rosenberg G A, Shi H, Furuichi T, Timmins GS, Cunningham LA, et al. Xanthine oxidase activates pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells through non-free radical mechanisms. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004;426:11-17.
14. Willcox J, Ash S, Catignani G. Antioxidants and prevention of chronic disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2004;44:275-95.
15. Hensley K, Robinson KA, Gabbita SP, Salsman S, Floyd RA. Reactive oxygen species, cell signaling, and cell injury. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000;28:1456-62.
16. Halliwell B. Phagocyte-derived reactive species: salvation or suicide? Trends Biochem Sci. 2006;31:509-15.
17. Rhee SG. Cell signaling. H2 O2, a necessary evil for cell signaling. Science. 2006;312:1882-3.
18. Pire L, Deby-Dupont G, Lemineur T, Preiser JC. How to keep oxidative stress under control. Curr Nutr Food Sci. 2007;3:222-35.
19. Lee PJ, Choi AMK. Pathways of cell signaling in hyperoxia. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003;35:341-50.
20. Wang X, Martindale JL, Liu Y, Holbrook NJ. The cellular response to oxidative stress: influences of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways on cell survival. Biochem J. 1998;15:291-300.
21. Shameer P, Prasad PVS, Kaviarasan PK. Serum zinc level in vitiligo: A case control study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2005;71:206-7.
22. Navarro C, Bustos ML. Esclerosis sistémica etiopatogenia, nuevos conceptos. Reumatol Clin. 2006;2(Suppl.3):S6-9.
23. Droge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev. 2002;82:47-95.
24. Mates J M, Pérez-Gómez C, De Castro IN. Antioxidant enzymes and human diseases. Clin Biochem. 1999;32:595-603.
25. DeCoursey TE, Ligeti E. Regulation and termination of NADPH oxidase activity. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005;62:2173-93.
26. Masella R, Di Benedetto R, Vari R, Filesi C, Giovannini C. Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: Involvement of glutathione and glutathione related enzymes. J Nutr Biochem. 2005;16:577-86.
27. Evans MD, Dizdaroglu M, Cooke MS. Oxidative DNA damage and disease: induction, repair and significance. Mutat Res. 2004; 567:1-6.
28. Preiser JC, Wernerman J. Glutamine, a life-saving nutrient, but why? Crit Care Med. 2003;31:2555-6.
29. Walsh TS, Lee A. N-acetylcysteine administration in the critically ill. Int Care Med. 1999;25:432-4.
30. Evans P, Halliwell B. Micronutrients: oxidant/antioxidant status. Br J Nutr. 2001;85(Suppl.2):S67-74.
31. Vertuani S, Angusti A, Manfredini S. The antioxidants and pro-antioxidants network: an overview. Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10:1677-94.
32. Halliwell B, Rafter J, Jenner A. Health promotion by flavonoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and other phenols: direct or indirect effects? Antioxidant or not? Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:268-76.
33. Schwedhelm E, Mass R, Troost R, Böger RH. Clinical pharmacokinetics of antioxidants and their impact on systemic oxidative stress. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42:437-59.
34. Lee CY, Isaac HB, Huang SH, Long LH, Wang H, Gruber J, et al. Limited antioxidant effect after consumption of a single dose of tomato sauce by young males, despite a rise in plasma lycopene. Free Radic Res. 2009;43:622-8.
35. Tham DM, Gardner CD, Haskell WL. Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens: a review of the clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:2223-35.
36. Salah N, Miller NJ, Paganga G, Tiburg L, Bolwell GP, RiceEvans C. Polyphenolic flavanols as scavengers of aqueous phase radicals and as chain-breaking antioxidants. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995;322:339-46.
37. Opara E, Rockway S. Antioxidants and micronutrients. Dis Mon. 2006;52:151-63.
38. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;39:44-84.
39. Rees M, Kennett E, Whitelock J, Davies M. Oxidative damage to extracellular matrix and its role in human pathologies. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 2008;44:1973-2001.
40. Flores-Mateo G, Carrillo-Santisteve P, Elosua R, Guallar E, Marrugat J, Bleys J, et al. Antioxidant enzyme activity and coronary heart disease: meta-analyses of observational studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170:135-47.
41. Choi SW, Benzie I, Ma SW, Strain J, Hannigan B. Acute hyperglycemia and oxidative stress: Direct cause and effect? Free Radic Biol Med. 2008;44:1217-31.
42. Parihar A, Parihar M, Milner S, Bhat S. Oxidative stress and anti-oxidative mobilization in burn injury. Burns. 2008;34:6-17.
43. Biesalski H, McGregor G. Antioxidant therapy in critical care -is the microcirculation the primary target? Crit Care Med. 2007;35:S577-83.
44. Patel S, Sigman M. Antioxidant therapy in male infertility. Urol Clin North Am. 2008;35:319-30.
45. Sun AY, Wang Q, Simonyi A, Sun GY. Botanical phenolics and brain health. Neuromolecular Med. 2008;10:259-74.
46. Ghersetich I, Troiano M, De Giorgi V, Lotti T. Receptors in skin ageing and antiageing agents. Dermatol Clin. 2007;25:655-62.
47. Mashima R, Witting PK, Stocker R. Oxidants and antioxidants in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2001;12:411-8.
48. Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB. Diabetes, oxidative stress and antioxidants. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2003;17:24-37.
49. Franco R, Schoneveld O, Georgakilas A, Panayiotidis M. Oxidative stress, DNA methylation and carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett. 2008;266:6-11.
50. Goetz M, Luch A. Reactive species: A cell damaging rout assisting to chemical carcinogens. Cancer Lett. 2008;266:73-83.
51. Sander CS, Chang H, Hamm F, Eslner P, Thiele JJ. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant network in cutaneous carcinogénesis. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43:326-35.
52. Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention. Systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007;297: 842-57.
53. Hermans N, Cops P, Maes L, De Bruyne P, van den Berghe D, Vliethinck AJ, et al. Challenges and pitfalls in antioxidant research. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14:417-30.
54. Steinhubl S. Why have antioxidants failed in clinical trials? Am J Cardiol. 2008;101:14D-19D.
2. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Oxidative stress: Adaptation, damage, repair and death. In: Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999.
3. Halliwell B, Whiteman M. Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and cell culture. How should you do it and what does it mean? Br J Pharmacol. 2004;142:231-55.
4. Halliwell B. Free radicals and antioxidants: a personal view. Nutrition Reviews. 1994;52:253-65.
5. Opara E. Oxidative stress. Dis Mon. 2006;52:183-98.
6. Turrens J. Superoxide production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Biosci Rep. 1997;17:3-8..
7. Beckman JS, Koppenol WH. Nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:1424-37.
8. Haliwell B. Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. Plant Physiol. 2006;141:312-22.
9. Thannickal VJ, Fanburg BL. Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling. Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000;279:1005-28.
10. Ghafourifar P, Cadenas E. Mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2005;26:190-95.
11. Lau D, Baldus S. Myeloperoxidase and its contributory role in inflammatory vascular disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2006;111:16-26.
12. Mc Adam BF, Mardini IA, Habib A, Burke A, Lawson JA, Kapoor S, et al. Effect of regulated expression of human cyclooxygenase isoforms on eicosanoid and isoeicosanoid production in inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2000;105:1473-82.
13. Liu W, Rosenberg G A, Shi H, Furuichi T, Timmins GS, Cunningham LA, et al. Xanthine oxidase activates pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells through non-free radical mechanisms. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004;426:11-17.
14. Willcox J, Ash S, Catignani G. Antioxidants and prevention of chronic disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2004;44:275-95.
15. Hensley K, Robinson KA, Gabbita SP, Salsman S, Floyd RA. Reactive oxygen species, cell signaling, and cell injury. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000;28:1456-62.
16. Halliwell B. Phagocyte-derived reactive species: salvation or suicide? Trends Biochem Sci. 2006;31:509-15.
17. Rhee SG. Cell signaling. H2 O2, a necessary evil for cell signaling. Science. 2006;312:1882-3.
18. Pire L, Deby-Dupont G, Lemineur T, Preiser JC. How to keep oxidative stress under control. Curr Nutr Food Sci. 2007;3:222-35.
19. Lee PJ, Choi AMK. Pathways of cell signaling in hyperoxia. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003;35:341-50.
20. Wang X, Martindale JL, Liu Y, Holbrook NJ. The cellular response to oxidative stress: influences of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways on cell survival. Biochem J. 1998;15:291-300.
21. Shameer P, Prasad PVS, Kaviarasan PK. Serum zinc level in vitiligo: A case control study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2005;71:206-7.
22. Navarro C, Bustos ML. Esclerosis sistémica etiopatogenia, nuevos conceptos. Reumatol Clin. 2006;2(Suppl.3):S6-9.
23. Droge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev. 2002;82:47-95.
24. Mates J M, Pérez-Gómez C, De Castro IN. Antioxidant enzymes and human diseases. Clin Biochem. 1999;32:595-603.
25. DeCoursey TE, Ligeti E. Regulation and termination of NADPH oxidase activity. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005;62:2173-93.
26. Masella R, Di Benedetto R, Vari R, Filesi C, Giovannini C. Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: Involvement of glutathione and glutathione related enzymes. J Nutr Biochem. 2005;16:577-86.
27. Evans MD, Dizdaroglu M, Cooke MS. Oxidative DNA damage and disease: induction, repair and significance. Mutat Res. 2004; 567:1-6.
28. Preiser JC, Wernerman J. Glutamine, a life-saving nutrient, but why? Crit Care Med. 2003;31:2555-6.
29. Walsh TS, Lee A. N-acetylcysteine administration in the critically ill. Int Care Med. 1999;25:432-4.
30. Evans P, Halliwell B. Micronutrients: oxidant/antioxidant status. Br J Nutr. 2001;85(Suppl.2):S67-74.
31. Vertuani S, Angusti A, Manfredini S. The antioxidants and pro-antioxidants network: an overview. Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10:1677-94.
32. Halliwell B, Rafter J, Jenner A. Health promotion by flavonoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and other phenols: direct or indirect effects? Antioxidant or not? Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:268-76.
33. Schwedhelm E, Mass R, Troost R, Böger RH. Clinical pharmacokinetics of antioxidants and their impact on systemic oxidative stress. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42:437-59.
34. Lee CY, Isaac HB, Huang SH, Long LH, Wang H, Gruber J, et al. Limited antioxidant effect after consumption of a single dose of tomato sauce by young males, despite a rise in plasma lycopene. Free Radic Res. 2009;43:622-8.
35. Tham DM, Gardner CD, Haskell WL. Potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens: a review of the clinical, epidemiological, and mechanistic evidence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:2223-35.
36. Salah N, Miller NJ, Paganga G, Tiburg L, Bolwell GP, RiceEvans C. Polyphenolic flavanols as scavengers of aqueous phase radicals and as chain-breaking antioxidants. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995;322:339-46.
37. Opara E, Rockway S. Antioxidants and micronutrients. Dis Mon. 2006;52:151-63.
38. Valko M, Leibfritz D, Moncol J, Cronin MT, Mazur M, Telser J. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;39:44-84.
39. Rees M, Kennett E, Whitelock J, Davies M. Oxidative damage to extracellular matrix and its role in human pathologies. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 2008;44:1973-2001.
40. Flores-Mateo G, Carrillo-Santisteve P, Elosua R, Guallar E, Marrugat J, Bleys J, et al. Antioxidant enzyme activity and coronary heart disease: meta-analyses of observational studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170:135-47.
41. Choi SW, Benzie I, Ma SW, Strain J, Hannigan B. Acute hyperglycemia and oxidative stress: Direct cause and effect? Free Radic Biol Med. 2008;44:1217-31.
42. Parihar A, Parihar M, Milner S, Bhat S. Oxidative stress and anti-oxidative mobilization in burn injury. Burns. 2008;34:6-17.
43. Biesalski H, McGregor G. Antioxidant therapy in critical care -is the microcirculation the primary target? Crit Care Med. 2007;35:S577-83.
44. Patel S, Sigman M. Antioxidant therapy in male infertility. Urol Clin North Am. 2008;35:319-30.
45. Sun AY, Wang Q, Simonyi A, Sun GY. Botanical phenolics and brain health. Neuromolecular Med. 2008;10:259-74.
46. Ghersetich I, Troiano M, De Giorgi V, Lotti T. Receptors in skin ageing and antiageing agents. Dermatol Clin. 2007;25:655-62.
47. Mashima R, Witting PK, Stocker R. Oxidants and antioxidants in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2001;12:411-8.
48. Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB. Diabetes, oxidative stress and antioxidants. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2003;17:24-37.
49. Franco R, Schoneveld O, Georgakilas A, Panayiotidis M. Oxidative stress, DNA methylation and carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett. 2008;266:6-11.
50. Goetz M, Luch A. Reactive species: A cell damaging rout assisting to chemical carcinogens. Cancer Lett. 2008;266:73-83.
51. Sander CS, Chang H, Hamm F, Eslner P, Thiele JJ. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant network in cutaneous carcinogénesis. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43:326-35.
52. Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C. Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention. Systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007;297: 842-57.
53. Hermans N, Cops P, Maes L, De Bruyne P, van den Berghe D, Vliethinck AJ, et al. Challenges and pitfalls in antioxidant research. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14:417-30.
54. Steinhubl S. Why have antioxidants failed in clinical trials? Am J Cardiol. 2008;101:14D-19D.
Cómo citar
1.
Lozada SM, García L. Estrés oxidativo y antioxidantes: cómo mantener el equilibrio. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 13 de febrero de 2019 [citado 30 de junio de 2022];17(3):172-9. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/167
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