Virus del Papiloma Humano
Palabras clave:
papilomavirus, VPH, carcinogénesis, inmunoterapia
Resumen
Se han identificado más de noventa genotipos delvirus del papiloma humano ( VPH). La prevalencia de infección por estos virus que afectan múltiples
tejidos humanos es bastante elevada. Presenta un variado espectro de manifestaciones clínicas, que incluyen desde proliferaciones benignas hasta tumores malignos. El desarrollo de la biología molecular nos indica que algunos de los genes virales se comportan como oncogenes, cuya expresión es necesaria pero no suficiente para la transformación maligna. El tratamiento durante muchos años estuvo enfocado en eliminar la lesión clínicamente evidente, pero a medida que se conoce más acerca de la respuesta inmune a la infección por el VPH se crean aproximaciones terapéuticas novedosas como los inmunomoduladores, y también surge la posibilidad de vacunación.
Referencias bibliográficas
1. Schiffman MH. Epidemiology of cervical human papillomavirus infections. Curr Top Microbio! lmmunol. 1994; 86:56-81.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78487-3_4
2. Zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. Human papillomavirus infection - a major cause of human cancers. Biochem Biophys Acta 1996; 1288: F55-78.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-419X(96)00020-0
3. Bonnez W, Reichman R. Papillomaviruses. En: Mandell GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R, ed, Principies and Practice lnfectious Diseases. Philadelphia, Churchill Livingston. 2000: 1630-40.
4. Alvarez LM, López E. Regulación genética de los papilomavirus humanos genitales. Salud Pública de México. 1995; 37:240-47.
5. Tyring SK. Human papillomavirus infections: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and host immune response. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000; 43:S 18-26.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2000.107807
6. Abeloff M. Papovavirus, Cervical Cancer, and Other Neoplastic Diseases. Abeloff: Clinical Oncology. New York, Churchill Livingston. 2000: 304-06.
7. Lowy D, Androphy E. Warts. En: Fitzpatrick Dermatology in General Medicine. New York, McGraw-Hill. 1999: 2484 -97.
8. Alam M, Caldwell JB, Eliezri YO. Human papillomavirus - associated digital squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003; 48:385-93.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2003.184
9. Alani RM, Münger K. Human papillomavirus. Science & Medicine. 1998; May/June: 28-35.
10. Hegde RS. The papillomavirus E2 proteins: Structure unction, and biology. Ann Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 2002; 31 :343-60.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biophys.31.100901.142129
11. Contreras F, Robledo MC, Vásquez J. Papilomavirus y manifestaciones cutáneas. Piel. 1993; 8: 24-30.
12. Cotran R, Kumar V, Robbins S. Carcinógenos virales y microbianos. En: Cotran: Robbins Patología Estructural y Funcional. España, McGraw- Hill lnteramericana. 1999: 330-31.
13. Cotran R, Kumar V, Robbins S. Genes supresores del cáncer. En: Cotran: Robbins Patología Estructural y Funcional. España, McGraw- Hill lnteramericana. 1999: 304-12.
14. Filippova M, Song H, Connolly JL. The human papillomavirus 16 E6 protein binds to tumor necrosis factor and protects cells from TNF-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2002, 277:21730-39.
https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M200113200
15. Brentjens M, Yeung-Yue K, Lee P et al. Human papillomavirus: a review. Dermatol Clin. 2002, 20: 315-31.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8635(01)00028-6
16. Dahl M. lmiquimod: A citokyne inducer. J. Am Acad Dermatol. 2002; 47:S205-8.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2002.126586
17. Sanclemente G. Aspectos moleculares, inmunológicos y patogénicos de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano. RevistaAsoc Col Dermatol. 2000; 8:255-65.
18. Galloway DA, Jenison SA. Characterization of the humoral response to human papillomaviruses. Mol Biol Med. 1990; 7:59-72.
19. Koustky L. Epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection. Am J Med. 1997; 102:3-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00177-0
20. Obalek S. Anogenital warts in children. Clin Dermatol. 1997; 15:369- 72
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-081X(96)00168-X
21. Mao C, Hughes JP, Kiviat N. Clinical findings among young women with genital human papillomavirus infection. Am J Obstet and Gynecol. 2003; 188:677-87.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.164
22. Sellors JW, Karwalajtys TL, Chong S et al. lncidence, clearance and predictors of human papillomavirus infection in women. Can Med Assoc J. 2003; 168:421-25.
23. Zur Hausen H. Human papillomaviruses. Ann Rev Microbio!. 1994; 48: 427-47.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.48.100194.002235
24. Jablonska S, Majewski S. Epidermodysplasia verruci- formis: immunological and clinical aspects. Curr Top Microbiol lmmunol. 1994; 86: 157-75.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78487-3_9
25. Stanley MA. lmiquimod and the imidazoquinolones: Me- chanism of action and therapeutic potential. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2002; 27:571-77.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01151.x
26. De Araujo T, Berman B. Cutaneous warts. En : Rakel ed, Conn·s Current Therapy. Philadelphia, Elsevier. 2004: 851-53.
27. Focht DR, Spicer C, Fairchok MP. Duct Tape occlu- sion for common warts: Is effectiveness overestima- ted? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003; 157: 491 b-92b.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.157.5.491-c
28. Calabresi P, Chabner BA. Agentes antineoplásicos. En: Goodman y Gilman: Las Bases Farmacológicas de la Terapéutica. México, Editorial Médica Panamericana. 1991: 1188-91.
29. Lewis MH. Topical immunotherapy of refractory warts. Cutis. 1973; 12: 863-67.
30. Hengge UR, Benninghoff B, Ruzicka T et al. Topical immunomodulators - progress towards treating infla- mmation, infection and cancer. The Lancet lnfect Dis. 2001; 1: 189-98.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00095-0
31. Johnson SM, Roberson PK. lntralesional injection of mumps or candida skin test antigens- a novel immuno- therapy for warts. Arch Dermatol. 2001; 137: 451-55.
32. Wagner TL, Ahonen CL. Modulation of TH1 and TH2 cytokine production with the immune response modi- fiers, R-848 and imiquimod. Cell lmmunol. 1999; 191:10-19.
https://doi.org/10.1006/cimm.1998.1406
33. Bishop GA, Hsing Y. Molecular mechanisms of B lym- phocyte activation by the immune response modifier R-848. J lmmunol. 2000; 165: 5552-57.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.165.10.5552
34. Zampogna JC, Flowers FP. Treatment of primary limi- ted extramammary Paget's disease with topical imiqui- mod therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002; 47:s229-35.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2002.126584
35. Weisshaar E, Gollnick H. Potentiating effect of imiqui- mod in the treatment of verrucae vulgares in immuno- compromised patients. Acta Derm Veneorol. 2000; 80: 306-7.
https://doi.org/10.1080/000155500750012261
36. Falnuk KH. Disturbance in trace elements. En: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, lsselbacher KJ et al. Harrison · s Prin- ciples of Interna! Medicine. New York, McGraw- Hill. 1998: 489-92.
37. AI-Gurairi FT, AI-Waiz M. Oral zinc sulphate in the treat- ment of recalcitran! viral warts. Br J Dermatol. 2002; 146: 423-31.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04617.x
38. Crum CP, Abbott DW, Quade BJ. CeNical cancer scree- ning: from the Papanicolau smear to the vaccine era. J Clin Oncol. 2003; 21 :S224-30.
https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.01.116
39. Koutsky LA, Ault KA, Wheeler CM, et al. A controlled trial of human Papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347:1645-51.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa020586
40. Chu NR, Wu HB, Wu T, et al. lmmunotherapy of a hu- man papillomavirus type 16 E7- expressing tumor by administration of fusion protein comprising BCG and HPV 16 E7. Clin Exp lmmunol. 2000; 121:216- 25.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01293.x
41. Crump CP. The beginnig of the end for ceNical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347:1703-05.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe020121
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78487-3_4
2. Zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. Human papillomavirus infection - a major cause of human cancers. Biochem Biophys Acta 1996; 1288: F55-78.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-419X(96)00020-0
3. Bonnez W, Reichman R. Papillomaviruses. En: Mandell GL, Bennet JE, Dolin R, ed, Principies and Practice lnfectious Diseases. Philadelphia, Churchill Livingston. 2000: 1630-40.
4. Alvarez LM, López E. Regulación genética de los papilomavirus humanos genitales. Salud Pública de México. 1995; 37:240-47.
5. Tyring SK. Human papillomavirus infections: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and host immune response. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000; 43:S 18-26.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2000.107807
6. Abeloff M. Papovavirus, Cervical Cancer, and Other Neoplastic Diseases. Abeloff: Clinical Oncology. New York, Churchill Livingston. 2000: 304-06.
7. Lowy D, Androphy E. Warts. En: Fitzpatrick Dermatology in General Medicine. New York, McGraw-Hill. 1999: 2484 -97.
8. Alam M, Caldwell JB, Eliezri YO. Human papillomavirus - associated digital squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003; 48:385-93.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2003.184
9. Alani RM, Münger K. Human papillomavirus. Science & Medicine. 1998; May/June: 28-35.
10. Hegde RS. The papillomavirus E2 proteins: Structure unction, and biology. Ann Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 2002; 31 :343-60.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biophys.31.100901.142129
11. Contreras F, Robledo MC, Vásquez J. Papilomavirus y manifestaciones cutáneas. Piel. 1993; 8: 24-30.
12. Cotran R, Kumar V, Robbins S. Carcinógenos virales y microbianos. En: Cotran: Robbins Patología Estructural y Funcional. España, McGraw- Hill lnteramericana. 1999: 330-31.
13. Cotran R, Kumar V, Robbins S. Genes supresores del cáncer. En: Cotran: Robbins Patología Estructural y Funcional. España, McGraw- Hill lnteramericana. 1999: 304-12.
14. Filippova M, Song H, Connolly JL. The human papillomavirus 16 E6 protein binds to tumor necrosis factor and protects cells from TNF-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2002, 277:21730-39.
https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M200113200
15. Brentjens M, Yeung-Yue K, Lee P et al. Human papillomavirus: a review. Dermatol Clin. 2002, 20: 315-31.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8635(01)00028-6
16. Dahl M. lmiquimod: A citokyne inducer. J. Am Acad Dermatol. 2002; 47:S205-8.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2002.126586
17. Sanclemente G. Aspectos moleculares, inmunológicos y patogénicos de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano. RevistaAsoc Col Dermatol. 2000; 8:255-65.
18. Galloway DA, Jenison SA. Characterization of the humoral response to human papillomaviruses. Mol Biol Med. 1990; 7:59-72.
19. Koustky L. Epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection. Am J Med. 1997; 102:3-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00177-0
20. Obalek S. Anogenital warts in children. Clin Dermatol. 1997; 15:369- 72
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0738-081X(96)00168-X
21. Mao C, Hughes JP, Kiviat N. Clinical findings among young women with genital human papillomavirus infection. Am J Obstet and Gynecol. 2003; 188:677-87.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.164
22. Sellors JW, Karwalajtys TL, Chong S et al. lncidence, clearance and predictors of human papillomavirus infection in women. Can Med Assoc J. 2003; 168:421-25.
23. Zur Hausen H. Human papillomaviruses. Ann Rev Microbio!. 1994; 48: 427-47.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.48.100194.002235
24. Jablonska S, Majewski S. Epidermodysplasia verruci- formis: immunological and clinical aspects. Curr Top Microbiol lmmunol. 1994; 86: 157-75.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78487-3_9
25. Stanley MA. lmiquimod and the imidazoquinolones: Me- chanism of action and therapeutic potential. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2002; 27:571-77.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01151.x
26. De Araujo T, Berman B. Cutaneous warts. En : Rakel ed, Conn·s Current Therapy. Philadelphia, Elsevier. 2004: 851-53.
27. Focht DR, Spicer C, Fairchok MP. Duct Tape occlu- sion for common warts: Is effectiveness overestima- ted? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003; 157: 491 b-92b.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.157.5.491-c
28. Calabresi P, Chabner BA. Agentes antineoplásicos. En: Goodman y Gilman: Las Bases Farmacológicas de la Terapéutica. México, Editorial Médica Panamericana. 1991: 1188-91.
29. Lewis MH. Topical immunotherapy of refractory warts. Cutis. 1973; 12: 863-67.
30. Hengge UR, Benninghoff B, Ruzicka T et al. Topical immunomodulators - progress towards treating infla- mmation, infection and cancer. The Lancet lnfect Dis. 2001; 1: 189-98.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00095-0
31. Johnson SM, Roberson PK. lntralesional injection of mumps or candida skin test antigens- a novel immuno- therapy for warts. Arch Dermatol. 2001; 137: 451-55.
32. Wagner TL, Ahonen CL. Modulation of TH1 and TH2 cytokine production with the immune response modi- fiers, R-848 and imiquimod. Cell lmmunol. 1999; 191:10-19.
https://doi.org/10.1006/cimm.1998.1406
33. Bishop GA, Hsing Y. Molecular mechanisms of B lym- phocyte activation by the immune response modifier R-848. J lmmunol. 2000; 165: 5552-57.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.165.10.5552
34. Zampogna JC, Flowers FP. Treatment of primary limi- ted extramammary Paget's disease with topical imiqui- mod therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002; 47:s229-35.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2002.126584
35. Weisshaar E, Gollnick H. Potentiating effect of imiqui- mod in the treatment of verrucae vulgares in immuno- compromised patients. Acta Derm Veneorol. 2000; 80: 306-7.
https://doi.org/10.1080/000155500750012261
36. Falnuk KH. Disturbance in trace elements. En: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, lsselbacher KJ et al. Harrison · s Prin- ciples of Interna! Medicine. New York, McGraw- Hill. 1998: 489-92.
37. AI-Gurairi FT, AI-Waiz M. Oral zinc sulphate in the treat- ment of recalcitran! viral warts. Br J Dermatol. 2002; 146: 423-31.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04617.x
38. Crum CP, Abbott DW, Quade BJ. CeNical cancer scree- ning: from the Papanicolau smear to the vaccine era. J Clin Oncol. 2003; 21 :S224-30.
https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.01.116
39. Koutsky LA, Ault KA, Wheeler CM, et al. A controlled trial of human Papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347:1645-51.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa020586
40. Chu NR, Wu HB, Wu T, et al. lmmunotherapy of a hu- man papillomavirus type 16 E7- expressing tumor by administration of fusion protein comprising BCG and HPV 16 E7. Clin Exp lmmunol. 2000; 121:216- 25.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01293.x
41. Crump CP. The beginnig of the end for ceNical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347:1703-05.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe020121
Cómo citar
1.
Osorio GF. Virus del Papiloma Humano. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 1 de octubre de 2004 [citado 29 de septiembre de 2023];12(3):45-54. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/589
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