Patch test results in patients with allergic contact dermatitis in Medellín, Colombia, 2006-2013
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29176/2590843X.295Keywords:
Allergic contact dermatitis, patch testAbstract
Introduction: Allergic contact dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction of delayed hypersensitivity to exogenous agents. It is estimated that there are about six million chemicals in the environment, of which approximately 2,800 may cause sensitization in people. So far there is only one publication that reflects the behavior of this entity in Colombia, which is insufficient to make predictions and modify risk factors. Objectives: To determine the major allergens involved in allergic contact dermatitis in patients evaluated at to two medical centers in the city of Medellín. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted between 2006 and 2013 in patients with clinical findings suggestive of contact dermatitis, referred for patch tests to two medical centers in Medellín. Results: Data from 1,349 patients was collected: the mean age was 40±16 years, 77% female, of which 65.5 % had at least one positive allergen. The most common allergens were: nickel sulfate, 35.6%, cobalt chloride, 16.2%, thimerosal, 12.7%, the balm of Perú, 8.5%, and potassium dichromate, 6%. Lesions were mainly located in the face (43%), followed by the hands (32.1%). Conclusions: Allergic contact dermatitis is a common problem seen by dermatologists. Patch testing is a useful and cost-effective strategy in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach. This study is the largest published in Colombia and one of the largest in Latin America, reflecting the behavior of major allergens. Despite international control strategies for nickel, rates are much higher in Colombia than those reported in the United States and Europe.
Author Biographies
Lina María Vélez
Médica dermatóloga, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia.
Catalina Franco
Médica, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia.
Ángela María Londoño
Médica dermatologa, MSc Epidemiologia, docente Universidad CES.
Rodrigo José Nuñez
Médico dermatólogo, Clínica Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; docente, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia.
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