Diagnóstico y manejo del linfoma cutáneo de células T de tipo micosis fungoides y síndrome de Sèzary
Palabras clave:
linfoma cutáneo de células T, micosis fungoides, síndrome de Sèzary, corticosteroides tópicos, fototerapia, quimioterapia, radioterapia, interferón, inhibidores de la histona deacetilasaResumen
La micosis fungoides y el síndrome de Sèzary constituyen el grupo más frecuente de linfomas cutáneos de células T; tienen un curso lento y progresivo y un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida del paciente. En los estadios iniciales, la curación es anecdótica y en los casos avanzados pueden comprometer la vida del paciente; con las opciones terapéuticas actuales se consigue disminuir la sintomatología y se logran remisiones temporales. Para los estadios tempranos se propone el uso de terapias dirigidas a la piel, como los esteroides tópicos, la fotoquimioterapia PUVA y la radioterapia localizada, y otros no disponibles en nuestro medio, como la quimioterapia tópica y el bexaroteno, mientras que, para los estadios más avanzados, se recomiendan terapias que combinan las dirigidas a la piel con tratamientos sistémicos, como el interferón alfa, el vorinostat y la poliquimioterapia
Biografía del autor/a
Oscar Jairo Valencia
Médico y cirujano, Universidad de Antioquia; residente de Dermatología, Sección de Dermatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia; Grupo de Investigación Dermatológica, GRID, Medellín, Colombia
Johana Marcela Pérez
Médico y cirujano, Universidad de Antioquia; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Margarita María Velásquez
Dermatóloga, doctor en Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas con énfasis en Inmunología; profesora, Sección de Dermatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad De Antioquia; Grupo de Investigación Dermatológica, GRID, Medellín, Colombia
Referencias bibliográficas
1. Trautinger F, Knobler R, Willemze R, Peris K, Stadler R, Laroche L, et al. EORTC consensus recommendations for treatment of mycosis fungoides/Sèzary syndrome. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42:1014-30.
2. Criscione V, Weinstock M. Incidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in the United States, 1973-2002. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143: 854-9.
3. Girardi M, Heald PW, Wilson LD. The pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1978-88.
4. Morales MM, Olsen J, Johansen P, Kaerlev L, Guénel P, Arveux P, et al. Viral infection, atopy, and mycosis fungoides: A European multicentre case-control study. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39: 511-6.
5. Lessin SR, Vowels VR, Rook AH. Retroviruses and cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Dermatol Clin. 1994;12: 243-53.
6. Ghosh K. CMV seropositivity and mycosis fungoides–the Indian perspectives. Blood. 2003;102:2706-7.
7. Herne Kl, Talpur R, Breuer-Mc, Champlin R, Duvic M. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is significantly associated with mycosis fungoides and Sèzary syndrome. Blood. 2003;101:2132-6.
8. Hodak E, Kleiin T, Gabay B, Ben-Amitai D, Bergman R, Gdalevich M, et al. Familial mycosis fungoides: report of 6 kindred and a study of the HLA system. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:393-402.
9. Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Olsen J, Johansen P, Kaerlev L, Guenel P, Arveux P, et al. Occupational exposures and mycosis fungoides. A European multicentre case-control study (Europe). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16:1253-9.
10. Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Olsen J, Johansen P, Kaerlev L, Guenel P, Arveux P, et al. Are alcohol intake and smoking associated with mycosis fungoides? A European Multicenter Case-Control Study. Eur J Cancer. 2001;37:392-7.
11. Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Olsen J, Johansen P, Kaerlev L, Guenel P, Arveux P,et al. Occupational risk factors for mycosis fungoides: A European Multicenter Case-Control Study. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46:205-11.
12. Talpur R, Basset R, Duvic M. Prevalence and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in patients with mycosis fungoides. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159:105-12.
13. Evans AV, Scarisbrick JJ, Child FJ, Fraser-Andrews EA, Spittle M, Russell Jones R, et al. Cutaneous malignant melanoma in association with mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50:701-5.
14. Kim EJ, Hess S, Richardson SK, Newton S, Showe LC, Benoit BM, et al. Immunopathogenesis and therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:798-812.
15. Girardi M, Heald PW, Wilson LD, Lynn D. The pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350:1978-88.
16. Willemze R, Jaffe ES, Burg G, Cerroni L, Berti E, Swerdlow S, et al. WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. Blood. 2005;105:3768-85.
17. Willemze R, Kerl H, Sterry W, Berti E, Cerroni L, Burg G, et al. EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas: a proposal from the Cutaneous Lymphoma Study Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Blood. 1997;90:354-71.
18. Pimpinelli N, Olsen EA, Santucci M, Vonderheid E, Haeffner AC, Stevens S, et al. Defining early mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:1053-63.
19. Oshtory S, Apisarnthanorav N, Guilliam A, Cooper K, Meyerson H.Usefulness of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:454-62.
20. Valle L, Laffargue J, Ramón F, Suárez M, Rueda M, Gallego S, et al. Linfomas cutáneos primarios. Revista de la Asociación Médica Argentina. 2008;121:28-38
21. Vidulich KA, Talpur R, Bassett RL, Duvic M. Overall survival in erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: an analysis of prognostic factors in a cohort of patients with erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Int J Dermatol. 2009;48:243-52.
22. Perry ZH, Palivatkel M, Yanculewitch N, Koren L, Rosenberg N. Burns--risk factors and treatment. Harefuah. 2009 Jun;148(6):375-80, 412, 411.
23. Rupoli S, Barulli S, Guiducci B, Offidani M, Mozzicafreddo G, Simonacci M, et al. Low dose interferon-alpha2b combined with PUVA is an effective treatment of early stage mycosis fungoides: results of a multicenter study. Cutaneous- T Cell Lymphoma Multicenter Study Group. Haematologica. 1999;84:809-13.
24. González A. Valoración clínica general del síndrome adenopático. Quirón. 2007;15:15-20. 25. Prince HM, Whittaker S, Hoppe RT. How I treat mycosis fungoides and Sèzary Syndrome. Blood. 2009;114:4337-53.
26. Gaitán MF, Díaz SC, Sánchez MA, Zuluaga A, Jiménez SB, Torres Y, et al. ¿Es necesaria la terapia de mantenimiento con PUVA en pacientes con micosis fungoide en estadios tempranos? Evaluación de una guía de manejo. Rev Asoc Colomb Dermatol. 2009;17:67-75.
27. Stadler R, Otte HG, Luger T, Henz BM, Kühl P, Zwingers T, et al. Prospective randomized multicenter clinical trial on the use of interferon-2a plus acitretin versus interferon-2a plus PUVA in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma stages I and II. Blood. 1998;92:3578-81.
28. Thomsen K, Hammar H, Molin L, Volden G. Retinoids plus PUVA (RePUVA) and PUVA in mycosis fungoides, plaque stage: a report from the Scandinavian Mycosis Fungoides Group. Acta Derm Venereol. 1989;69:536-8.
29. Quiros PA, Jones GW, Kacinski BM, Heald P, Edelson R, Braverman I, et al. Total skin electron beam therapy followed by adjuvant psoralen/ultraviolet-A light in the management of patients with T1 and T2 cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1997;38:1027-35.
30. Hofer A, Cerroni L, Kerl H, Wolf P. Narrowband (311-nm) UV-B therapy for small plaque parapsoriasis and early-stage mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol. 1999;135:1377-80.
31. Parker S, Bradley B. Treatment of cutaneous t-cell lymphoma/mycosis fungoides: topical mechlorethamine/nitrogen Mustard. Dermatol Nurs. 2006;18:566-75.
32. Gathers RC, Scherschun L, Malick F, Fivenson DP, Lim HW. Narrowband UVB phototherapy for early-stage mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47:191-7.
33. Funk A, Hersley F, Krempien R, Neuhof D, van Kampen M, Treiber M, et al. Palliative total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) for advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Eur J Dermatol. 2008;18:308-12.
34. Vonderheid E, Tan E, Kantor A, Shrager L, Micaily B, van Scott E. Long-term efficacy, curative potential, and carcinogenicity of topical mechlorethamine chemotherapy in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;20:416-28.
35. Berthelot C, Rivera A, Duvic M. Skin directed therapy for mycosis fungoides: a review. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008;7:655-66. 36. Hoppe RT, Fuks Z, Bagshaw MA. The rationale for curative radiotherapy in mycosis fungoides. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1977;2:843-51.
37. Tsiringatis P, Pappa V, Papageargiou S, Kaoasunali V, Giannapoulou V, Girkus K, et al. Extracorporeal photopheresis in combination with bexaroten in the treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sèzary syndrome. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157:1362-402.
38. Duvic M, Talpur R, Ni X, Zhang C, Hazarika P, Kelly C, et al. Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Blood. 2007;109:31-9.
39. Rook A, Junkins-Hopkins J. Immunomodulatory therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: A multimodality approach in advanced disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;61:1056-8.
40. Bolden J, Peart M, Johnstone R. Anticancer activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006; 5:769-84.
41. Kuo P, Carlson K, Christensen I, Girardi M, Heald P. FDGPET/CT for the evaluation of response to therapy of cutaneous t-cell lymphoma to vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic Acid, SAHA) in a phase II trial. Mol Imaging Biol. 2008; 10: 306-14.
42. Rivera Del Valle N, Gao S, Miller C, Fulbright J, Gonzales C, Sirisawad M, et al. PCI-24781, a novel hydroxamic acid HDAC inhibitor, exerts cytotoxicity and histone alterations via caspase-8 and FADD in leukemia cells. Int J Cell Biol. 2010;2010:207420
43. Mann B, Johnson J, Cohen MH, Justice R, Pazdur R. FDA approval summary: vorinostat for treatment of advanced primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Oncologist. 2007;12:1247-52.
44. Olsen EA, Kim YH, Kuzel TM, Pacheco T, Foss F, Parker S, et al. Phase IIb multicenter trial of vorinostat in patients with persistent, progressive, or treatment refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:3109-15.
45. Mann BS, Johnson JR, He K, Sridhara R, Abraham S, Boothet B, et al. Vorinostat for treatment of cutaneous manifestations of advanced primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:2318-22.
46. Prince HM, Bishton MJ, Johnstone RW. Panobinostat (LBH589): a potent pan-deacetylase inhibitor with promising activity against hematologic and solid tumors. Future Oncol. 2009;5:601-12.
47. Gimsing P. Belinostat: a new broad acting antineoplastic histone deacetylase inhibitor. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009;18:501-8.
48. Bernengo MG, Quaglino P, Comessatti A, Ortoncelli M, Novelli M, Lisa F, et al. Low-dose intermittent alemtuzumab in the treatment of Sèzary syndrome: clinical and immunologic findings in 14 patients. Haematologica. 2007;92:784-94.
49. Zackheim HS, Kashani-Sabet M, McMillan A. Low-dose methotrexate to treat mycosis fungoides: a retrospective study in 69 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:873-8.
50. Tao R, F de Zoeten E, Özkaynak E, Chen C, Wang L, Porrett P, et al. Deacetylase inhibition promotes the generation and function of regulatory T cells. Nat Med. 2007;13:1299-307.
51. Pérez-Quintela BV, Suárez JM. Linfomas cutáneos de células T: Revisión de los aspectos histopatológicos más relevantes. Rev Esp Patol. 2004;37:181-94.
52. Aguilar C, Guadarrama R, Luna H, Jiménez E. Micosis fungoide. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía. Med Int Mex. 2009;25:317-20.
53. Arulogun SO, Prince HM, Ng J, Lade S, Ryan G, Blewitt O, et al. Long-term outcomes of patients with advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and large-cell transformation. Blood. 2008;112:3082-7.
54. Chuang G, Wasserman D, Byers H, Demierre M. Hypopigmented T-cell dyscrasia evolving to hipopigmented mycosis fungoides during etanercept therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:S121-2.
55. Toro JR, Howard L, Stoll Jr, Stomper PC, Oseroff AR. Prognostic factors and evaluation of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37:58-67.
56. Zackheim H, Amin S, Kashani-Sabet M, McMillan A. Prognosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by skin stage: long-term survival in 489 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;40:418-25.
2. Criscione V, Weinstock M. Incidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in the United States, 1973-2002. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143: 854-9.
3. Girardi M, Heald PW, Wilson LD. The pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1978-88.
4. Morales MM, Olsen J, Johansen P, Kaerlev L, Guénel P, Arveux P, et al. Viral infection, atopy, and mycosis fungoides: A European multicentre case-control study. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39: 511-6.
5. Lessin SR, Vowels VR, Rook AH. Retroviruses and cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Dermatol Clin. 1994;12: 243-53.
6. Ghosh K. CMV seropositivity and mycosis fungoides–the Indian perspectives. Blood. 2003;102:2706-7.
7. Herne Kl, Talpur R, Breuer-Mc, Champlin R, Duvic M. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is significantly associated with mycosis fungoides and Sèzary syndrome. Blood. 2003;101:2132-6.
8. Hodak E, Kleiin T, Gabay B, Ben-Amitai D, Bergman R, Gdalevich M, et al. Familial mycosis fungoides: report of 6 kindred and a study of the HLA system. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:393-402.
9. Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Olsen J, Johansen P, Kaerlev L, Guenel P, Arveux P, et al. Occupational exposures and mycosis fungoides. A European multicentre case-control study (Europe). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16:1253-9.
10. Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Olsen J, Johansen P, Kaerlev L, Guenel P, Arveux P, et al. Are alcohol intake and smoking associated with mycosis fungoides? A European Multicenter Case-Control Study. Eur J Cancer. 2001;37:392-7.
11. Morales-Suarez-Varela MM, Olsen J, Johansen P, Kaerlev L, Guenel P, Arveux P,et al. Occupational risk factors for mycosis fungoides: A European Multicenter Case-Control Study. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46:205-11.
12. Talpur R, Basset R, Duvic M. Prevalence and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in patients with mycosis fungoides. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159:105-12.
13. Evans AV, Scarisbrick JJ, Child FJ, Fraser-Andrews EA, Spittle M, Russell Jones R, et al. Cutaneous malignant melanoma in association with mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;50:701-5.
14. Kim EJ, Hess S, Richardson SK, Newton S, Showe LC, Benoit BM, et al. Immunopathogenesis and therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:798-812.
15. Girardi M, Heald PW, Wilson LD, Lynn D. The pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350:1978-88.
16. Willemze R, Jaffe ES, Burg G, Cerroni L, Berti E, Swerdlow S, et al. WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas. Blood. 2005;105:3768-85.
17. Willemze R, Kerl H, Sterry W, Berti E, Cerroni L, Burg G, et al. EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas: a proposal from the Cutaneous Lymphoma Study Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Blood. 1997;90:354-71.
18. Pimpinelli N, Olsen EA, Santucci M, Vonderheid E, Haeffner AC, Stevens S, et al. Defining early mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:1053-63.
19. Oshtory S, Apisarnthanorav N, Guilliam A, Cooper K, Meyerson H.Usefulness of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:454-62.
20. Valle L, Laffargue J, Ramón F, Suárez M, Rueda M, Gallego S, et al. Linfomas cutáneos primarios. Revista de la Asociación Médica Argentina. 2008;121:28-38
21. Vidulich KA, Talpur R, Bassett RL, Duvic M. Overall survival in erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: an analysis of prognostic factors in a cohort of patients with erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Int J Dermatol. 2009;48:243-52.
22. Perry ZH, Palivatkel M, Yanculewitch N, Koren L, Rosenberg N. Burns--risk factors and treatment. Harefuah. 2009 Jun;148(6):375-80, 412, 411.
23. Rupoli S, Barulli S, Guiducci B, Offidani M, Mozzicafreddo G, Simonacci M, et al. Low dose interferon-alpha2b combined with PUVA is an effective treatment of early stage mycosis fungoides: results of a multicenter study. Cutaneous- T Cell Lymphoma Multicenter Study Group. Haematologica. 1999;84:809-13.
24. González A. Valoración clínica general del síndrome adenopático. Quirón. 2007;15:15-20. 25. Prince HM, Whittaker S, Hoppe RT. How I treat mycosis fungoides and Sèzary Syndrome. Blood. 2009;114:4337-53.
26. Gaitán MF, Díaz SC, Sánchez MA, Zuluaga A, Jiménez SB, Torres Y, et al. ¿Es necesaria la terapia de mantenimiento con PUVA en pacientes con micosis fungoide en estadios tempranos? Evaluación de una guía de manejo. Rev Asoc Colomb Dermatol. 2009;17:67-75.
27. Stadler R, Otte HG, Luger T, Henz BM, Kühl P, Zwingers T, et al. Prospective randomized multicenter clinical trial on the use of interferon-2a plus acitretin versus interferon-2a plus PUVA in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma stages I and II. Blood. 1998;92:3578-81.
28. Thomsen K, Hammar H, Molin L, Volden G. Retinoids plus PUVA (RePUVA) and PUVA in mycosis fungoides, plaque stage: a report from the Scandinavian Mycosis Fungoides Group. Acta Derm Venereol. 1989;69:536-8.
29. Quiros PA, Jones GW, Kacinski BM, Heald P, Edelson R, Braverman I, et al. Total skin electron beam therapy followed by adjuvant psoralen/ultraviolet-A light in the management of patients with T1 and T2 cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1997;38:1027-35.
30. Hofer A, Cerroni L, Kerl H, Wolf P. Narrowband (311-nm) UV-B therapy for small plaque parapsoriasis and early-stage mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol. 1999;135:1377-80.
31. Parker S, Bradley B. Treatment of cutaneous t-cell lymphoma/mycosis fungoides: topical mechlorethamine/nitrogen Mustard. Dermatol Nurs. 2006;18:566-75.
32. Gathers RC, Scherschun L, Malick F, Fivenson DP, Lim HW. Narrowband UVB phototherapy for early-stage mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47:191-7.
33. Funk A, Hersley F, Krempien R, Neuhof D, van Kampen M, Treiber M, et al. Palliative total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) for advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Eur J Dermatol. 2008;18:308-12.
34. Vonderheid E, Tan E, Kantor A, Shrager L, Micaily B, van Scott E. Long-term efficacy, curative potential, and carcinogenicity of topical mechlorethamine chemotherapy in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;20:416-28.
35. Berthelot C, Rivera A, Duvic M. Skin directed therapy for mycosis fungoides: a review. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008;7:655-66. 36. Hoppe RT, Fuks Z, Bagshaw MA. The rationale for curative radiotherapy in mycosis fungoides. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1977;2:843-51.
37. Tsiringatis P, Pappa V, Papageargiou S, Kaoasunali V, Giannapoulou V, Girkus K, et al. Extracorporeal photopheresis in combination with bexaroten in the treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sèzary syndrome. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157:1362-402.
38. Duvic M, Talpur R, Ni X, Zhang C, Hazarika P, Kelly C, et al. Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Blood. 2007;109:31-9.
39. Rook A, Junkins-Hopkins J. Immunomodulatory therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: A multimodality approach in advanced disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;61:1056-8.
40. Bolden J, Peart M, Johnstone R. Anticancer activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006; 5:769-84.
41. Kuo P, Carlson K, Christensen I, Girardi M, Heald P. FDGPET/CT for the evaluation of response to therapy of cutaneous t-cell lymphoma to vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic Acid, SAHA) in a phase II trial. Mol Imaging Biol. 2008; 10: 306-14.
42. Rivera Del Valle N, Gao S, Miller C, Fulbright J, Gonzales C, Sirisawad M, et al. PCI-24781, a novel hydroxamic acid HDAC inhibitor, exerts cytotoxicity and histone alterations via caspase-8 and FADD in leukemia cells. Int J Cell Biol. 2010;2010:207420
43. Mann B, Johnson J, Cohen MH, Justice R, Pazdur R. FDA approval summary: vorinostat for treatment of advanced primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Oncologist. 2007;12:1247-52.
44. Olsen EA, Kim YH, Kuzel TM, Pacheco T, Foss F, Parker S, et al. Phase IIb multicenter trial of vorinostat in patients with persistent, progressive, or treatment refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:3109-15.
45. Mann BS, Johnson JR, He K, Sridhara R, Abraham S, Boothet B, et al. Vorinostat for treatment of cutaneous manifestations of advanced primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:2318-22.
46. Prince HM, Bishton MJ, Johnstone RW. Panobinostat (LBH589): a potent pan-deacetylase inhibitor with promising activity against hematologic and solid tumors. Future Oncol. 2009;5:601-12.
47. Gimsing P. Belinostat: a new broad acting antineoplastic histone deacetylase inhibitor. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009;18:501-8.
48. Bernengo MG, Quaglino P, Comessatti A, Ortoncelli M, Novelli M, Lisa F, et al. Low-dose intermittent alemtuzumab in the treatment of Sèzary syndrome: clinical and immunologic findings in 14 patients. Haematologica. 2007;92:784-94.
49. Zackheim HS, Kashani-Sabet M, McMillan A. Low-dose methotrexate to treat mycosis fungoides: a retrospective study in 69 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:873-8.
50. Tao R, F de Zoeten E, Özkaynak E, Chen C, Wang L, Porrett P, et al. Deacetylase inhibition promotes the generation and function of regulatory T cells. Nat Med. 2007;13:1299-307.
51. Pérez-Quintela BV, Suárez JM. Linfomas cutáneos de células T: Revisión de los aspectos histopatológicos más relevantes. Rev Esp Patol. 2004;37:181-94.
52. Aguilar C, Guadarrama R, Luna H, Jiménez E. Micosis fungoide. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía. Med Int Mex. 2009;25:317-20.
53. Arulogun SO, Prince HM, Ng J, Lade S, Ryan G, Blewitt O, et al. Long-term outcomes of patients with advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and large-cell transformation. Blood. 2008;112:3082-7.
54. Chuang G, Wasserman D, Byers H, Demierre M. Hypopigmented T-cell dyscrasia evolving to hipopigmented mycosis fungoides during etanercept therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:S121-2.
55. Toro JR, Howard L, Stoll Jr, Stomper PC, Oseroff AR. Prognostic factors and evaluation of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37:58-67.
56. Zackheim H, Amin S, Kashani-Sabet M, McMillan A. Prognosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by skin stage: long-term survival in 489 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;40:418-25.
Cómo citar
1.
Valencia OJ, Pérez JM, Velásquez MM. Diagnóstico y manejo del linfoma cutáneo de células T de tipo micosis fungoides y síndrome de Sèzary. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 27 de febrero de 2019 [citado 16 de abril de 2024];18(4):205-17. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/336
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2019-02-27
Cómo citar
1.
Valencia OJ, Pérez JM, Velásquez MM. Diagnóstico y manejo del linfoma cutáneo de células T de tipo micosis fungoides y síndrome de Sèzary. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 27 de febrero de 2019 [citado 16 de abril de 2024];18(4):205-17. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/336
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