Vitiligo y vitamina D
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29176/2590843X.428Palabras clave:
Vitiligo, vitamina D, Melanocitos, deficiencia de vitamina DResumen
El vitiligo es la despigmentación cutánea adquirida más común. Se caracteriza por máculas acrómicas que afectan la autoimagen de los pacientes e impactan negativamente su calidad de vida. En cuanto a las teorías sobre la etiopatogénesis del vitiligo, está la autoinmunidad. Se ha demostrado que hay un déficit de vitamina D en numerosas enfermedades autoinmunitarias.
La vitamina D es una hormona esencial con efectos pleiotrópicos y funciones especialmente antiapoptóticas y modificadoras de la proliferación y diferenciación de los melanocitos. Hipotéticamente, puede desempeñar un papel coadyuvante en la repigmentación de las lesiones vitiliginosas. La actividad inmunorreguladora de la vitamina D podría ser utilizada en el tratamiento del vitiligo.
A continuación, se hace una revisión de tema sobre el vitiligo, su relación con las concentraciones de la vitamina D y las influencias que podría tener en la fisiopatología; además, se analiza su posible uso como herramienta terapéutica para el vitiligo. El comportamiento de los niveles de vitamina D en rangos de deficiencia e insuficiencia entre pacientes con vitiligo y controles sanos son controversiales; algunos muestran niveles más bajos en el grupo de vitiligo y otros no muestran diferencias entre los grupos. A pesar de lo anterior, los estudios recientes sugieren una relación entre la insuficiencia de vitamina D en pacientes con vitiligo y un riesgo mayor de padecer otras enfermedades autoinmunitarias y que el uso de dosis altas de vitamina D en pacientes con vitiligo podría mejorar la repigmentación. La información revisada permite concluir que la relación entre el vitiligo y los niveles de vitamina D requiere de más estudios que aclaren su papel en la inmunopatogénesis y en la probabilidad de recomendar su uso terapéutico.
Biografía del autor/a
Andrea Castaño Villegas
Médica, residente de Dermatología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Catalina Moreno Zuluaga
Médica, residente de Dermatología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Leonardo Javier Medina Albis
Médico dermatólogo; docente de Dermatología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Centro de Investigaciones Dermatológicas CIDERM
Óscar Jairo Valencia Ocampo
Médico dermatólogo; docente de Dermatología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Centro de Investigaciones Dermatológicas CIDERM
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