El HTLV-I y sus enfermedades asociadas
Palabras clave:
HT LV-I, dermatitis infectiva, paraparesia espástica tropical, leucemia/linfoma de células T del adultoResumen
El virus T-linfotrópico humano tipo 1 (HTLV-I) fue el primer retrovirus humano identificado en la historia de la virología. La infección por HTLV-I es endémica en el sureste japonés, el Caribe, el sureste de los Estados Unidos, África y Suramérica. Estudios recientes han descrito diversas manifestaciones cutáneas relacionadas con este virus. De hecho, cada día se diagnostican más casos de HTLV-I en diversos países de Suramérica tales como Colombia, Perú, Chile y Brasil.
En este artículo se hace una revisión de la biología molecular, la epidemiología y el diagnóstico del HTLV-I, y las enfermedades asociadas con el mismo.
Biografía del autor/a
Silvia Herrera, Universidad de Antioquia
Dermatóloga - Universidad de Antioquia, Medellln, Colombia.
Juan Carlos Wolff, Universidad de Antioquia
Docente Dermatologla, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellln.
Gloria Sanclemente, Universidad de Antioquia
Docente Dermatologla, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellln.
Referencias bibliográficas
1. Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Gazdar AF, et al. Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc NATLL Acad Sci, USA.1980; 77:7415-7419.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.12.7415
2. Kalyanaraman VS, Sarngadharan MG, Robert-Guroff M, et al. A new subtype of human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia. Science 1982; 218:571-573.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6981847
3. Taylor GP & the European Network (HERN). The epi- demiology and clinical impact f HTLV-infections in Euro- pe.AIDS Rev 1999; 1:195-204.
4. Bangham CRM. HTLV-I infections. J Clin Pathol 2000; 53:581-586.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.53.8.581
5. Manns A, Wilks RJ, Murphy EL, et al. A prospective study of transmission by transfusion of HTLV-I and risk factors associated with seroconversion. lnt J Cancer 1992; 51 :886-891.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910510609
6. Watanabe T. HTLV-1-associated diseases. lnt J Hema- tol. 1997; 66:257-278.
7. Li HC, Fujiyoshi T, Lou H, Yashiki S, et al. The presen- ce of ancient human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 provirus DNA in an Andean mummy. Nat Med. 1999; 12: 1428-1432.
https://doi.org/10.1038/71006
8. Kojima K, Sawada T, et al. Detective human T-lympho- trophic virus type I provirus in T cell prolymphocytic leu- kaemia. Brit J Haematol 1999, 105:376-381.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01329.x
9. Suefuji H, Ohshima K, Hayabuchi N, Nakamura K, HTL- VV-1 carriers with B-cell lymphoma of localized stage head and neck: prognosis, clinical and immunopatho- logical features. Brit J Haematol 2003; 123: 606-612.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04653.x
10. Pawson R, Mufti GJ, Pagliuca A. Management of adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Haematol 1998, 100:453-458.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00582.x
11. Johnson JM, Harrod R, Franchini A. Molecular biology and pathogenesis of the human T- cell leukaemia/lym- photropic virus type-1 (HTLV-I). lnt J Exp Pathol 2001; 82:135-147.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2613.2001.00191.x
12. Lyons SF & Liebowitz DN. The roles of human viruses in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Semen Oncol 1998; 25:461-475.
13. Matsuoka M. Human T-cell leucemia virus type I and adult T.cell leucemia. Oncogene 2003; 22:5131-5140.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206551
14. ljichi S, Ramundo MB, Takahashi H, Hall WW. In vivo cellular tropism of human T-cell leucemia virus type-II (HTLV-II). J Exp Med 1992; 176:293-296.
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.176.1.293
15. Sommerfelt MA, Williams BP, Clapham PR, et al. Hu- man T leukemia viruses use a receptor determined by human chromosome 17. Science 1988; 242:1557-1559.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3201246
16. Jefferey KJM, Usuku K, Matsumoto W, et al. HLA alle- les determine human T-lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I) proviral load and the risk of HTLV-I-associated myelo- pathy. Proc Nat Acad Scie USA. 1999; 96:3848-3853.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3848
17. Green PL & Chen SY. Human T-cell Leukemia virus types 1 and 2. In:. David M. Knipe, PhD; Peter M. Howley, MD; Diane E. Griffin, MD et al. (eds) Fields Virology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, 2001 chapter 58 (version electronica Ovid)
18. Texeira-Santos T J, de Castro CM, Goubau P, et al. Wes- ternblot seroindeterminate individuals for human T-lym- photropic virus (HTL V-1 /2) in Fortaleza (Brazil): A se- rological and molecular diagnostic and epidemiologi- cal approach. Braz J lnfect Dis 2003; 7:202-209.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-86702003000300005
19. Thorstensson R, Albert J, Andersson S. Strategies for diagnosis of HTLV-I and -11.
20. Transfusión. 2002; 42:780-791.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00114.x
21. Seed CR, Margaritis AR, Bolton WV, Kiely P, et al. Viro- logy Subcommittee of the National Donar and Product Safety Committee, Australian Red Cross Blood Servi- ce. lmproved efficiency of national HIV, HCV, and HTLV antibody testing algorithms based on sequential scree- ning immunoassays. Transfusion. 2003; 43:226-234.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00304.x
22. Pancake BA, Zucker-Franklin D. The difficulty of de- tecting HTLV-1 proviral sequences in patients with mycosis fungoides. J Acquir lmmune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996; 13:314-319.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199612010-00003
23. Mahé A, Meertens L, et al. Human T-cell leukaemia/ lymphoma virus type I-associated infective dermatitis in Africa: a report of five cases from Senegal. Brit J Dermatol 2004, 150: 958-965.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05834.x
24. Oiso KN, ukai N, Hosomi, lshii M. Guttate morphoea in human T cell lymphoma/lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) infection. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003; 28:380-382.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01298.x
25. Kojima K, Sawada T, et al. Deleted HTLV provirus in peripheral blood cells of a patient with T cell prolym- phocytic leukaemia. Brit J Haematol 1998; 1 00: 567- 570.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00608.x
26. Setoyama M, Mizoguchi S, Kanzaki T. Prurigo as a cli- nical prodrome to adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Dermatol 1998, 138: 137-140.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02040.x
27. Waldmann TA. The promiscuous IL-2/IL-15 receptor: a target for immunotherapy of HTLV-I associated disorders.J Acquir lmmune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovi-rol. 1996;13 Suppl 1 :S179-185.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199600001-00027
28. Arisawa K, Katamine S, Kamihira S, et al. A nested case-control study of risk factors for adult T-cell leucemia/lymphoma among human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 carriers in Japan. Cancer Causes and Control 2002; 13:657-663.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019511224501
29. Kawabata MH, Setoyama T, Fukushige T, Kanzaki. Spontaneous regression of cutaneous lesions in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Dermatol 2001; 144 :434-435.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04053.x
30. Gessain A, Barin F, Vernant JC, et al. Antibodies to hu-man T-Lymphotropic virus type I in patients with tropi-cal spastic paraparesis. Lance! 1985; 2:407-41 O.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(85)92734-5
31. Osame M, Usuku K, lzumo S, et al. HTLV-I-associated myelopathy: a new clinical entity. Lance! 1986; 1: 1031-1032.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91298-5
32. Zaninovic V, Moreno D, Payán C, Rodríguez A.A pro-pósito de 5 casos de paraparesia espástica tropical en Puerto Tejada (Cauca). Colomb Med 1997;28:67-70
33. Nagai M, Yamano Y, Brennan MB, Mora CA, Jacobson S. lncreased HTLV-I proviral load and preferential ex-pansion of HTLV-I Tax-specific CDS+ T cells in cere-brospinal fluid from patients with HAM/TSP. Ann Neu-rol. 2001; 6:807-812.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.10065
34. Matsuzaki T, Nakagawa M, Nagai M, et al. HTLV-I pro- viral load correlates with progression of motor disabili-ty in HAM/TSP: analysis of 239 HAM/TSP patients in- cluding 64 patients followed up for 1 O years. J Neurovi-rol. 2001; 7:228-234.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13550280152403272
35. Milagros SP, Sanches JA Jr, Milagros ACP, Valente NYS. Histopathological and immunohistochemical as-sessment of acquired ictiosis in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149:776-781.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05567.x
36. Jacobson S. Human T lymphotropic virus, type-I mye- lopathy: an immunopathologically mediated chronic pro-gressive disease of the central nervous system. Curr Opin Neurol. 1995; 8: 179-183.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00019052-199506000-00005
37. Greten TF, Slansky JE, Kubota R, Soldan SS, et al. Direct visualization of antigen-specific T cells: HTLV-1 Tax11-19- specific CDS ( +) T cells are activated in peri-pheral blood and accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid from HAM/TSP patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 95:7568-7573.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.13.7568
38. Taylor GP, Hall SE, Navarrete S, Michie CA, et al. Effect of lamivudine on human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) DNA copy number, T-cell phenotype, and anti-tax cytotoxic T-cell frequency in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. J Viral. 1999; 73:10289-10295.
39. LaGrenade L, Hanchard B, Fletcher V, Cranston B, Blattner W. lnfective dermatitis of Jamaican children: a marker for HTLV-I infection. Lance! 1990; 336: 1345-1347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)92896-P
40. LaGrenade L, Manns A, Fletcher V, et al. Clinical, pa-thologic and immunologic features of human T-cell lym-photropic virus type I-associated infective dermatitis in children. Arch Dermatol 1998; 134:439-444.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.134.4.439
41. Manns A, Hisada M, La Grenade L. Human T-Lympho-tropic virus type I infection. Lance! 1999; 353:1951-58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)09460-4
42. Blank A, Herrera M, Lourido MA, Rueda R, Blank M. lnfective dermatitis in Colombia. Lance! 1995; 346:71 O.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92326-8
43. Gotuzzo E, Cabrera J, Deza L,Verdonck K, Bañadme A-M, Cairampoma R et al. Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Peru with Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. Clinl lnfectious Dis 2004; 39:939-44.
https://doi.org/10.1086/423957
44. Salomón, M; Maquera, L; Del Solar, M; Bravo, F. Der-matitis infectiva asociada a HTLV-1 en adultos. Folia Dermatol Per 2001; 12(1 ): 41-3.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.12.7415
2. Kalyanaraman VS, Sarngadharan MG, Robert-Guroff M, et al. A new subtype of human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia. Science 1982; 218:571-573.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6981847
3. Taylor GP & the European Network (HERN). The epi- demiology and clinical impact f HTLV-infections in Euro- pe.AIDS Rev 1999; 1:195-204.
4. Bangham CRM. HTLV-I infections. J Clin Pathol 2000; 53:581-586.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.53.8.581
5. Manns A, Wilks RJ, Murphy EL, et al. A prospective study of transmission by transfusion of HTLV-I and risk factors associated with seroconversion. lnt J Cancer 1992; 51 :886-891.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910510609
6. Watanabe T. HTLV-1-associated diseases. lnt J Hema- tol. 1997; 66:257-278.
7. Li HC, Fujiyoshi T, Lou H, Yashiki S, et al. The presen- ce of ancient human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 provirus DNA in an Andean mummy. Nat Med. 1999; 12: 1428-1432.
https://doi.org/10.1038/71006
8. Kojima K, Sawada T, et al. Detective human T-lympho- trophic virus type I provirus in T cell prolymphocytic leu- kaemia. Brit J Haematol 1999, 105:376-381.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01329.x
9. Suefuji H, Ohshima K, Hayabuchi N, Nakamura K, HTL- VV-1 carriers with B-cell lymphoma of localized stage head and neck: prognosis, clinical and immunopatho- logical features. Brit J Haematol 2003; 123: 606-612.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04653.x
10. Pawson R, Mufti GJ, Pagliuca A. Management of adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Haematol 1998, 100:453-458.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00582.x
11. Johnson JM, Harrod R, Franchini A. Molecular biology and pathogenesis of the human T- cell leukaemia/lym- photropic virus type-1 (HTLV-I). lnt J Exp Pathol 2001; 82:135-147.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2613.2001.00191.x
12. Lyons SF & Liebowitz DN. The roles of human viruses in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Semen Oncol 1998; 25:461-475.
13. Matsuoka M. Human T-cell leucemia virus type I and adult T.cell leucemia. Oncogene 2003; 22:5131-5140.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206551
14. ljichi S, Ramundo MB, Takahashi H, Hall WW. In vivo cellular tropism of human T-cell leucemia virus type-II (HTLV-II). J Exp Med 1992; 176:293-296.
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.176.1.293
15. Sommerfelt MA, Williams BP, Clapham PR, et al. Hu- man T leukemia viruses use a receptor determined by human chromosome 17. Science 1988; 242:1557-1559.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3201246
16. Jefferey KJM, Usuku K, Matsumoto W, et al. HLA alle- les determine human T-lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I) proviral load and the risk of HTLV-I-associated myelo- pathy. Proc Nat Acad Scie USA. 1999; 96:3848-3853.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3848
17. Green PL & Chen SY. Human T-cell Leukemia virus types 1 and 2. In:. David M. Knipe, PhD; Peter M. Howley, MD; Diane E. Griffin, MD et al. (eds) Fields Virology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, 2001 chapter 58 (version electronica Ovid)
18. Texeira-Santos T J, de Castro CM, Goubau P, et al. Wes- ternblot seroindeterminate individuals for human T-lym- photropic virus (HTL V-1 /2) in Fortaleza (Brazil): A se- rological and molecular diagnostic and epidemiologi- cal approach. Braz J lnfect Dis 2003; 7:202-209.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-86702003000300005
19. Thorstensson R, Albert J, Andersson S. Strategies for diagnosis of HTLV-I and -11.
20. Transfusión. 2002; 42:780-791.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00114.x
21. Seed CR, Margaritis AR, Bolton WV, Kiely P, et al. Viro- logy Subcommittee of the National Donar and Product Safety Committee, Australian Red Cross Blood Servi- ce. lmproved efficiency of national HIV, HCV, and HTLV antibody testing algorithms based on sequential scree- ning immunoassays. Transfusion. 2003; 43:226-234.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00304.x
22. Pancake BA, Zucker-Franklin D. The difficulty of de- tecting HTLV-1 proviral sequences in patients with mycosis fungoides. J Acquir lmmune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996; 13:314-319.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199612010-00003
23. Mahé A, Meertens L, et al. Human T-cell leukaemia/ lymphoma virus type I-associated infective dermatitis in Africa: a report of five cases from Senegal. Brit J Dermatol 2004, 150: 958-965.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05834.x
24. Oiso KN, ukai N, Hosomi, lshii M. Guttate morphoea in human T cell lymphoma/lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) infection. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003; 28:380-382.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01298.x
25. Kojima K, Sawada T, et al. Deleted HTLV provirus in peripheral blood cells of a patient with T cell prolym- phocytic leukaemia. Brit J Haematol 1998; 1 00: 567- 570.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00608.x
26. Setoyama M, Mizoguchi S, Kanzaki T. Prurigo as a cli- nical prodrome to adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Dermatol 1998, 138: 137-140.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02040.x
27. Waldmann TA. The promiscuous IL-2/IL-15 receptor: a target for immunotherapy of HTLV-I associated disorders.J Acquir lmmune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovi-rol. 1996;13 Suppl 1 :S179-185.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199600001-00027
28. Arisawa K, Katamine S, Kamihira S, et al. A nested case-control study of risk factors for adult T-cell leucemia/lymphoma among human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 carriers in Japan. Cancer Causes and Control 2002; 13:657-663.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019511224501
29. Kawabata MH, Setoyama T, Fukushige T, Kanzaki. Spontaneous regression of cutaneous lesions in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Dermatol 2001; 144 :434-435.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04053.x
30. Gessain A, Barin F, Vernant JC, et al. Antibodies to hu-man T-Lymphotropic virus type I in patients with tropi-cal spastic paraparesis. Lance! 1985; 2:407-41 O.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(85)92734-5
31. Osame M, Usuku K, lzumo S, et al. HTLV-I-associated myelopathy: a new clinical entity. Lance! 1986; 1: 1031-1032.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91298-5
32. Zaninovic V, Moreno D, Payán C, Rodríguez A.A pro-pósito de 5 casos de paraparesia espástica tropical en Puerto Tejada (Cauca). Colomb Med 1997;28:67-70
33. Nagai M, Yamano Y, Brennan MB, Mora CA, Jacobson S. lncreased HTLV-I proviral load and preferential ex-pansion of HTLV-I Tax-specific CDS+ T cells in cere-brospinal fluid from patients with HAM/TSP. Ann Neu-rol. 2001; 6:807-812.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.10065
34. Matsuzaki T, Nakagawa M, Nagai M, et al. HTLV-I pro- viral load correlates with progression of motor disabili-ty in HAM/TSP: analysis of 239 HAM/TSP patients in- cluding 64 patients followed up for 1 O years. J Neurovi-rol. 2001; 7:228-234.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13550280152403272
35. Milagros SP, Sanches JA Jr, Milagros ACP, Valente NYS. Histopathological and immunohistochemical as-sessment of acquired ictiosis in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149:776-781.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05567.x
36. Jacobson S. Human T lymphotropic virus, type-I mye- lopathy: an immunopathologically mediated chronic pro-gressive disease of the central nervous system. Curr Opin Neurol. 1995; 8: 179-183.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00019052-199506000-00005
37. Greten TF, Slansky JE, Kubota R, Soldan SS, et al. Direct visualization of antigen-specific T cells: HTLV-1 Tax11-19- specific CDS ( +) T cells are activated in peri-pheral blood and accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid from HAM/TSP patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 95:7568-7573.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.13.7568
38. Taylor GP, Hall SE, Navarrete S, Michie CA, et al. Effect of lamivudine on human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) DNA copy number, T-cell phenotype, and anti-tax cytotoxic T-cell frequency in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. J Viral. 1999; 73:10289-10295.
39. LaGrenade L, Hanchard B, Fletcher V, Cranston B, Blattner W. lnfective dermatitis of Jamaican children: a marker for HTLV-I infection. Lance! 1990; 336: 1345-1347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)92896-P
40. LaGrenade L, Manns A, Fletcher V, et al. Clinical, pa-thologic and immunologic features of human T-cell lym-photropic virus type I-associated infective dermatitis in children. Arch Dermatol 1998; 134:439-444.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.134.4.439
41. Manns A, Hisada M, La Grenade L. Human T-Lympho-tropic virus type I infection. Lance! 1999; 353:1951-58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)09460-4
42. Blank A, Herrera M, Lourido MA, Rueda R, Blank M. lnfective dermatitis in Colombia. Lance! 1995; 346:71 O.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92326-8
43. Gotuzzo E, Cabrera J, Deza L,Verdonck K, Bañadme A-M, Cairampoma R et al. Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Peru with Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. Clinl lnfectious Dis 2004; 39:939-44.
https://doi.org/10.1086/423957
44. Salomón, M; Maquera, L; Del Solar, M; Bravo, F. Der-matitis infectiva asociada a HTLV-1 en adultos. Folia Dermatol Per 2001; 12(1 ): 41-3.
Cómo citar
1.
Herrera S, Wolff JC, Sanclemente G. El HTLV-I y sus enfermedades asociadas. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 1 de marzo de 2005 [citado 25 de abril de 2024];13(1):15-2. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/508
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Herrera S, Wolff JC, Sanclemente G. El HTLV-I y sus enfermedades asociadas. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 1 de marzo de 2005 [citado 25 de abril de 2024];13(1):15-2. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/508
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