El HTLV-I y sus enfermedades asociadas
Palabras clave:
HT LV-I, dermatitis infectiva, paraparesia espástica tropical, leucemia/linfoma de células T del adulto
Resumen
El virus T-linfotrópico humano tipo 1 (HTLV-I) fue el primer retrovirus humano identificado en la historia de la virología. La infección por HTLV-I es endémica en el sureste japonés, el Caribe, el sureste de los Estados Unidos, África y Suramérica. Estudios recientes han descrito diversas manifestaciones cutáneas relacionadas con este virus. De hecho, cada día se diagnostican más casos de HTLV-I en diversos países de Suramérica tales como Colombia, Perú, Chile y Brasil.
En este artículo se hace una revisión de la biología molecular, la epidemiología y el diagnóstico del HTLV-I, y las enfermedades asociadas con el mismo.
Referencias bibliográficas
1. Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Gazdar AF, et al. Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc NATLL Acad Sci, USA.1980; 77:7415-7419.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.12.7415
2. Kalyanaraman VS, Sarngadharan MG, Robert-Guroff M, et al. A new subtype of human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia. Science 1982; 218:571-573.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6981847
3. Taylor GP & the European Network (HERN). The epi- demiology and clinical impact f HTLV-infections in Euro- pe.AIDS Rev 1999; 1:195-204.
4. Bangham CRM. HTLV-I infections. J Clin Pathol 2000; 53:581-586.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.53.8.581
5. Manns A, Wilks RJ, Murphy EL, et al. A prospective study of transmission by transfusion of HTLV-I and risk factors associated with seroconversion. lnt J Cancer 1992; 51 :886-891.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910510609
6. Watanabe T. HTLV-1-associated diseases. lnt J Hema- tol. 1997; 66:257-278.
7. Li HC, Fujiyoshi T, Lou H, Yashiki S, et al. The presen- ce of ancient human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 provirus DNA in an Andean mummy. Nat Med. 1999; 12: 1428-1432.
https://doi.org/10.1038/71006
8. Kojima K, Sawada T, et al. Detective human T-lympho- trophic virus type I provirus in T cell prolymphocytic leu- kaemia. Brit J Haematol 1999, 105:376-381.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01329.x
9. Suefuji H, Ohshima K, Hayabuchi N, Nakamura K, HTL- VV-1 carriers with B-cell lymphoma of localized stage head and neck: prognosis, clinical and immunopatho- logical features. Brit J Haematol 2003; 123: 606-612.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04653.x
10. Pawson R, Mufti GJ, Pagliuca A. Management of adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Haematol 1998, 100:453-458.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00582.x
11. Johnson JM, Harrod R, Franchini A. Molecular biology and pathogenesis of the human T- cell leukaemia/lym- photropic virus type-1 (HTLV-I). lnt J Exp Pathol 2001; 82:135-147.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2613.2001.00191.x
12. Lyons SF & Liebowitz DN. The roles of human viruses in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Semen Oncol 1998; 25:461-475.
13. Matsuoka M. Human T-cell leucemia virus type I and adult T.cell leucemia. Oncogene 2003; 22:5131-5140.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206551
14. ljichi S, Ramundo MB, Takahashi H, Hall WW. In vivo cellular tropism of human T-cell leucemia virus type-II (HTLV-II). J Exp Med 1992; 176:293-296.
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.176.1.293
15. Sommerfelt MA, Williams BP, Clapham PR, et al. Hu- man T leukemia viruses use a receptor determined by human chromosome 17. Science 1988; 242:1557-1559.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3201246
16. Jefferey KJM, Usuku K, Matsumoto W, et al. HLA alle- les determine human T-lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I) proviral load and the risk of HTLV-I-associated myelo- pathy. Proc Nat Acad Scie USA. 1999; 96:3848-3853.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3848
17. Green PL & Chen SY. Human T-cell Leukemia virus types 1 and 2. In:. David M. Knipe, PhD; Peter M. Howley, MD; Diane E. Griffin, MD et al. (eds) Fields Virology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, 2001 chapter 58 (version electronica Ovid)
18. Texeira-Santos T J, de Castro CM, Goubau P, et al. Wes- ternblot seroindeterminate individuals for human T-lym- photropic virus (HTL V-1 /2) in Fortaleza (Brazil): A se- rological and molecular diagnostic and epidemiologi- cal approach. Braz J lnfect Dis 2003; 7:202-209.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-86702003000300005
19. Thorstensson R, Albert J, Andersson S. Strategies for diagnosis of HTLV-I and -11.
20. Transfusión. 2002; 42:780-791.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00114.x
21. Seed CR, Margaritis AR, Bolton WV, Kiely P, et al. Viro- logy Subcommittee of the National Donar and Product Safety Committee, Australian Red Cross Blood Servi- ce. lmproved efficiency of national HIV, HCV, and HTLV antibody testing algorithms based on sequential scree- ning immunoassays. Transfusion. 2003; 43:226-234.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00304.x
22. Pancake BA, Zucker-Franklin D. The difficulty of de- tecting HTLV-1 proviral sequences in patients with mycosis fungoides. J Acquir lmmune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996; 13:314-319.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199612010-00003
23. Mahé A, Meertens L, et al. Human T-cell leukaemia/ lymphoma virus type I-associated infective dermatitis in Africa: a report of five cases from Senegal. Brit J Dermatol 2004, 150: 958-965.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05834.x
24. Oiso KN, ukai N, Hosomi, lshii M. Guttate morphoea in human T cell lymphoma/lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) infection. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003; 28:380-382.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01298.x
25. Kojima K, Sawada T, et al. Deleted HTLV provirus in peripheral blood cells of a patient with T cell prolym- phocytic leukaemia. Brit J Haematol 1998; 1 00: 567- 570.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00608.x
26. Setoyama M, Mizoguchi S, Kanzaki T. Prurigo as a cli- nical prodrome to adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Dermatol 1998, 138: 137-140.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02040.x
27. Waldmann TA. The promiscuous IL-2/IL-15 receptor: a target for immunotherapy of HTLV-I associated disorders.J Acquir lmmune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovi-rol. 1996;13 Suppl 1 :S179-185.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199600001-00027
28. Arisawa K, Katamine S, Kamihira S, et al. A nested case-control study of risk factors for adult T-cell leucemia/lymphoma among human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 carriers in Japan. Cancer Causes and Control 2002; 13:657-663.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019511224501
29. Kawabata MH, Setoyama T, Fukushige T, Kanzaki. Spontaneous regression of cutaneous lesions in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Dermatol 2001; 144 :434-435.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04053.x
30. Gessain A, Barin F, Vernant JC, et al. Antibodies to hu-man T-Lymphotropic virus type I in patients with tropi-cal spastic paraparesis. Lance! 1985; 2:407-41 O.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(85)92734-5
31. Osame M, Usuku K, lzumo S, et al. HTLV-I-associated myelopathy: a new clinical entity. Lance! 1986; 1: 1031-1032.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91298-5
32. Zaninovic V, Moreno D, Payán C, Rodríguez A.A pro-pósito de 5 casos de paraparesia espástica tropical en Puerto Tejada (Cauca). Colomb Med 1997;28:67-70
33. Nagai M, Yamano Y, Brennan MB, Mora CA, Jacobson S. lncreased HTLV-I proviral load and preferential ex-pansion of HTLV-I Tax-specific CDS+ T cells in cere-brospinal fluid from patients with HAM/TSP. Ann Neu-rol. 2001; 6:807-812.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.10065
34. Matsuzaki T, Nakagawa M, Nagai M, et al. HTLV-I pro- viral load correlates with progression of motor disabili-ty in HAM/TSP: analysis of 239 HAM/TSP patients in- cluding 64 patients followed up for 1 O years. J Neurovi-rol. 2001; 7:228-234.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13550280152403272
35. Milagros SP, Sanches JA Jr, Milagros ACP, Valente NYS. Histopathological and immunohistochemical as-sessment of acquired ictiosis in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149:776-781.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05567.x
36. Jacobson S. Human T lymphotropic virus, type-I mye- lopathy: an immunopathologically mediated chronic pro-gressive disease of the central nervous system. Curr Opin Neurol. 1995; 8: 179-183.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00019052-199506000-00005
37. Greten TF, Slansky JE, Kubota R, Soldan SS, et al. Direct visualization of antigen-specific T cells: HTLV-1 Tax11-19- specific CDS ( +) T cells are activated in peri-pheral blood and accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid from HAM/TSP patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 95:7568-7573.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.13.7568
38. Taylor GP, Hall SE, Navarrete S, Michie CA, et al. Effect of lamivudine on human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) DNA copy number, T-cell phenotype, and anti-tax cytotoxic T-cell frequency in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. J Viral. 1999; 73:10289-10295.
39. LaGrenade L, Hanchard B, Fletcher V, Cranston B, Blattner W. lnfective dermatitis of Jamaican children: a marker for HTLV-I infection. Lance! 1990; 336: 1345-1347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)92896-P
40. LaGrenade L, Manns A, Fletcher V, et al. Clinical, pa-thologic and immunologic features of human T-cell lym-photropic virus type I-associated infective dermatitis in children. Arch Dermatol 1998; 134:439-444.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.134.4.439
41. Manns A, Hisada M, La Grenade L. Human T-Lympho-tropic virus type I infection. Lance! 1999; 353:1951-58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)09460-4
42. Blank A, Herrera M, Lourido MA, Rueda R, Blank M. lnfective dermatitis in Colombia. Lance! 1995; 346:71 O.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92326-8
43. Gotuzzo E, Cabrera J, Deza L,Verdonck K, Bañadme A-M, Cairampoma R et al. Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Peru with Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. Clinl lnfectious Dis 2004; 39:939-44.
https://doi.org/10.1086/423957
44. Salomón, M; Maquera, L; Del Solar, M; Bravo, F. Der-matitis infectiva asociada a HTLV-1 en adultos. Folia Dermatol Per 2001; 12(1 ): 41-3.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.77.12.7415
2. Kalyanaraman VS, Sarngadharan MG, Robert-Guroff M, et al. A new subtype of human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia. Science 1982; 218:571-573.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6981847
3. Taylor GP & the European Network (HERN). The epi- demiology and clinical impact f HTLV-infections in Euro- pe.AIDS Rev 1999; 1:195-204.
4. Bangham CRM. HTLV-I infections. J Clin Pathol 2000; 53:581-586.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.53.8.581
5. Manns A, Wilks RJ, Murphy EL, et al. A prospective study of transmission by transfusion of HTLV-I and risk factors associated with seroconversion. lnt J Cancer 1992; 51 :886-891.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910510609
6. Watanabe T. HTLV-1-associated diseases. lnt J Hema- tol. 1997; 66:257-278.
7. Li HC, Fujiyoshi T, Lou H, Yashiki S, et al. The presen- ce of ancient human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 provirus DNA in an Andean mummy. Nat Med. 1999; 12: 1428-1432.
https://doi.org/10.1038/71006
8. Kojima K, Sawada T, et al. Detective human T-lympho- trophic virus type I provirus in T cell prolymphocytic leu- kaemia. Brit J Haematol 1999, 105:376-381.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01329.x
9. Suefuji H, Ohshima K, Hayabuchi N, Nakamura K, HTL- VV-1 carriers with B-cell lymphoma of localized stage head and neck: prognosis, clinical and immunopatho- logical features. Brit J Haematol 2003; 123: 606-612.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04653.x
10. Pawson R, Mufti GJ, Pagliuca A. Management of adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Haematol 1998, 100:453-458.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00582.x
11. Johnson JM, Harrod R, Franchini A. Molecular biology and pathogenesis of the human T- cell leukaemia/lym- photropic virus type-1 (HTLV-I). lnt J Exp Pathol 2001; 82:135-147.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2613.2001.00191.x
12. Lyons SF & Liebowitz DN. The roles of human viruses in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Semen Oncol 1998; 25:461-475.
13. Matsuoka M. Human T-cell leucemia virus type I and adult T.cell leucemia. Oncogene 2003; 22:5131-5140.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206551
14. ljichi S, Ramundo MB, Takahashi H, Hall WW. In vivo cellular tropism of human T-cell leucemia virus type-II (HTLV-II). J Exp Med 1992; 176:293-296.
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.176.1.293
15. Sommerfelt MA, Williams BP, Clapham PR, et al. Hu- man T leukemia viruses use a receptor determined by human chromosome 17. Science 1988; 242:1557-1559.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3201246
16. Jefferey KJM, Usuku K, Matsumoto W, et al. HLA alle- les determine human T-lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I) proviral load and the risk of HTLV-I-associated myelo- pathy. Proc Nat Acad Scie USA. 1999; 96:3848-3853.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3848
17. Green PL & Chen SY. Human T-cell Leukemia virus types 1 and 2. In:. David M. Knipe, PhD; Peter M. Howley, MD; Diane E. Griffin, MD et al. (eds) Fields Virology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, 2001 chapter 58 (version electronica Ovid)
18. Texeira-Santos T J, de Castro CM, Goubau P, et al. Wes- ternblot seroindeterminate individuals for human T-lym- photropic virus (HTL V-1 /2) in Fortaleza (Brazil): A se- rological and molecular diagnostic and epidemiologi- cal approach. Braz J lnfect Dis 2003; 7:202-209.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-86702003000300005
19. Thorstensson R, Albert J, Andersson S. Strategies for diagnosis of HTLV-I and -11.
20. Transfusión. 2002; 42:780-791.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00114.x
21. Seed CR, Margaritis AR, Bolton WV, Kiely P, et al. Viro- logy Subcommittee of the National Donar and Product Safety Committee, Australian Red Cross Blood Servi- ce. lmproved efficiency of national HIV, HCV, and HTLV antibody testing algorithms based on sequential scree- ning immunoassays. Transfusion. 2003; 43:226-234.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00304.x
22. Pancake BA, Zucker-Franklin D. The difficulty of de- tecting HTLV-1 proviral sequences in patients with mycosis fungoides. J Acquir lmmune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1996; 13:314-319.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199612010-00003
23. Mahé A, Meertens L, et al. Human T-cell leukaemia/ lymphoma virus type I-associated infective dermatitis in Africa: a report of five cases from Senegal. Brit J Dermatol 2004, 150: 958-965.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05834.x
24. Oiso KN, ukai N, Hosomi, lshii M. Guttate morphoea in human T cell lymphoma/lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) infection. Clin Exp Dermatol 2003; 28:380-382.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01298.x
25. Kojima K, Sawada T, et al. Deleted HTLV provirus in peripheral blood cells of a patient with T cell prolym- phocytic leukaemia. Brit J Haematol 1998; 1 00: 567- 570.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00608.x
26. Setoyama M, Mizoguchi S, Kanzaki T. Prurigo as a cli- nical prodrome to adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Dermatol 1998, 138: 137-140.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02040.x
27. Waldmann TA. The promiscuous IL-2/IL-15 receptor: a target for immunotherapy of HTLV-I associated disorders.J Acquir lmmune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovi-rol. 1996;13 Suppl 1 :S179-185.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199600001-00027
28. Arisawa K, Katamine S, Kamihira S, et al. A nested case-control study of risk factors for adult T-cell leucemia/lymphoma among human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 carriers in Japan. Cancer Causes and Control 2002; 13:657-663.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019511224501
29. Kawabata MH, Setoyama T, Fukushige T, Kanzaki. Spontaneous regression of cutaneous lesions in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma. Brit J Dermatol 2001; 144 :434-435.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04053.x
30. Gessain A, Barin F, Vernant JC, et al. Antibodies to hu-man T-Lymphotropic virus type I in patients with tropi-cal spastic paraparesis. Lance! 1985; 2:407-41 O.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(85)92734-5
31. Osame M, Usuku K, lzumo S, et al. HTLV-I-associated myelopathy: a new clinical entity. Lance! 1986; 1: 1031-1032.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91298-5
32. Zaninovic V, Moreno D, Payán C, Rodríguez A.A pro-pósito de 5 casos de paraparesia espástica tropical en Puerto Tejada (Cauca). Colomb Med 1997;28:67-70
33. Nagai M, Yamano Y, Brennan MB, Mora CA, Jacobson S. lncreased HTLV-I proviral load and preferential ex-pansion of HTLV-I Tax-specific CDS+ T cells in cere-brospinal fluid from patients with HAM/TSP. Ann Neu-rol. 2001; 6:807-812.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.10065
34. Matsuzaki T, Nakagawa M, Nagai M, et al. HTLV-I pro- viral load correlates with progression of motor disabili-ty in HAM/TSP: analysis of 239 HAM/TSP patients in- cluding 64 patients followed up for 1 O years. J Neurovi-rol. 2001; 7:228-234.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13550280152403272
35. Milagros SP, Sanches JA Jr, Milagros ACP, Valente NYS. Histopathological and immunohistochemical as-sessment of acquired ictiosis in patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149:776-781.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05567.x
36. Jacobson S. Human T lymphotropic virus, type-I mye- lopathy: an immunopathologically mediated chronic pro-gressive disease of the central nervous system. Curr Opin Neurol. 1995; 8: 179-183.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00019052-199506000-00005
37. Greten TF, Slansky JE, Kubota R, Soldan SS, et al. Direct visualization of antigen-specific T cells: HTLV-1 Tax11-19- specific CDS ( +) T cells are activated in peri-pheral blood and accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid from HAM/TSP patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998; 95:7568-7573.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.13.7568
38. Taylor GP, Hall SE, Navarrete S, Michie CA, et al. Effect of lamivudine on human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) DNA copy number, T-cell phenotype, and anti-tax cytotoxic T-cell frequency in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. J Viral. 1999; 73:10289-10295.
39. LaGrenade L, Hanchard B, Fletcher V, Cranston B, Blattner W. lnfective dermatitis of Jamaican children: a marker for HTLV-I infection. Lance! 1990; 336: 1345-1347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)92896-P
40. LaGrenade L, Manns A, Fletcher V, et al. Clinical, pa-thologic and immunologic features of human T-cell lym-photropic virus type I-associated infective dermatitis in children. Arch Dermatol 1998; 134:439-444.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.134.4.439
41. Manns A, Hisada M, La Grenade L. Human T-Lympho-tropic virus type I infection. Lance! 1999; 353:1951-58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)09460-4
42. Blank A, Herrera M, Lourido MA, Rueda R, Blank M. lnfective dermatitis in Colombia. Lance! 1995; 346:71 O.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92326-8
43. Gotuzzo E, Cabrera J, Deza L,Verdonck K, Bañadme A-M, Cairampoma R et al. Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Peru with Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. Clinl lnfectious Dis 2004; 39:939-44.
https://doi.org/10.1086/423957
44. Salomón, M; Maquera, L; Del Solar, M; Bravo, F. Der-matitis infectiva asociada a HTLV-1 en adultos. Folia Dermatol Per 2001; 12(1 ): 41-3.
Cómo citar
1.
Herrera S, Wolff JC, Sanclemente G. El HTLV-I y sus enfermedades asociadas. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 1 de marzo de 2005 [citado 6 de junio de 2023];13(1):15-2. Disponible en: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/508
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