Acne scars, a therapeutic challenge
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29176/2590843X.252Keywords:
acne, scars, treatmentAbstract
Acne scars are a common complication with great social and psychological implications on the individual, so attention must be directed to the appropriate and aggressive management of severe forms of acne as soon as possible thus preventing its appearance. However, some of these patients will present this complication even with early intervention due to an impaired healing response and to the severity and duration of the inflammatory process. There are several chemical, physical and surgical treatment alternatives that could be a good choice for improving the appearance of the skin.
Author Biographies
Nathalie Morales
Médica, residente de tercer año de Dermatología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
Ana María Aristizábal
Médica dermatóloga; docente, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
References
1. Jacob CI, Dover JS, Kaminer MS. Acne scarring: A classification system and review of treatment options. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45:109-17.
2. Layton AM, Henderson CA, Cunliffe WJ. A clinical evaluation of acne scarring and its incidence. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1994;19:303-8.
3. Levy LL, Zeichner JA. Management of acne scarring, part II: A comparative review of non-laser-based, minimally invasive approaches. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2012;13:331-40.
4. Fabbrocini G, Annunziata MC, D'Arco V, De Vita V, Lodi G, Mauriello MC, et al. Acne scars: Pathogenesis, classification and treatment. Dermatol Res Pract. 2010;2010:1-13.
5. Tsao SS, Dover JS, Arndt KA, Kaminer MS. Scar management: Keloid, hypertrophic, atrophic, and acne scars. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2002;21:46-75.
6. Holland DB, Jeremy AH, Roberts SG, Seukeran DC, Layton AM, Cunliffe WJ. Inflammation in acne scarring: A comparison of the responses in lesions from patients prone and not prone to scar. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150:72-81.
7. Basta-Juzbašić A. Current therapeutic approach to acne scars. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2010;18:171-5.
8. Goodman GJ, Baron JA. The management of postacne scarring. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33:1175-88.
9. Grupo Colombiano de Estudio en Acné. Guías colombianas para el manejo del acné: una revisión basada en la evidencia. Rev Asoc Colomb Dermatol. 2011;19:129-58.
10. Slavin JW. Trichloroacetic acid peels. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2004;24:469-70.
11. Bhardwaj D, Khunger N. An assessment of the efficacy and safety of CROSS technique with 100% TCA in the management of ice pick acne scars. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2010;3:93-6.
12. Grimes PE. The safety and efficacy of salicylic acid chemical peels in darker racial-ethnic groups. Dermatol Surg 1999;25:18-22.
13. Landau M. Chemical peels. Clin Dermatol. 2008;26:200-8.
14. Erbağci Z, Akçali C. Biweekly serial glycolic acid peels Vs. long-term daily use of topical low-strength glycolic acid in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. Int J Dermatol. 2000;39:789-94.
15. Berardesca E, Cameli N, Primavera G, Carrera M. Clinical and instrumental evaluation of skin improvement after treatment with a new 50% pyruvic acid peel. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32:526-31.
16. Kim EK, Hovsepian RV, Mathew P, Paul MD. Dermabrasion. Clin Plast Surg. 2011;38:391-5.
17. Campbell RM, Harmon CB. Dermabrasion in our practice. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008;7:124-8.
18. Alkhawam L, Alam M. Dermabrasion and microdermabrasion. Facial Plast Surg. 2009;25:301-10.
19. Tsai RY, Wang CN, Chan HL. Aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion. A new technique for treating facial scarring. Dermatol Surg. 1995;21:539-42.
20. Karimipour DJ, Karimipour G, Orringer JS. Microdermabrasion: An evidence-based review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125:372-7.
21. Rivera AE. Acne scarring: A review and current treatment modalities. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:659-76.
22. Glogau RG. Fillers: From the past to the future. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2012;31:78-87.
23. Sánchez I, Candelas D, Ruiz R. Materiales de relleno: tipos, indicaciones y complicaciones. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2010;101:381-93.
24. Bisaccia E, Saap L, Kadry R, Scarborough D. Non-invasive procedures in cosmetic dermatology. Skin Aging. 2007;15:38-40.
25. Sadove R. Injectable poly-L-lactic acid: A novel sculpting agent for the treatment of dermal fat atrophy after severe acne. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2009;33:113-6.
26. Sadick NS, Palmisano L. Case study involving use of injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) for acne scars. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2009;20:302-7.
27. Pinski KS, Roenigk HH Jr. Autologous fat transplantation. Longterm follow-up. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1992;18:179-84.
28. Barnett JG, Barnett CR. Treatment of acne scars with liquid silicone injections: 30-year perspective. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:1542-9.
29. Prather CL, Jones DH. Liquid injectable silicone for soft tissue augmentation. Dermatol Ther. 2006;19:159-68.
30. Carniol PJ, Meshkov L, Grunebaum LD. Laser treatment of facial scars. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;19:283-8.
31. Alexiades-Armenakas MR, Dover JS, Arndt KA. The spectrum of laser skin resurfacing: Nonablative, fractional, and ablative laser resurfacing. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58:719-37.
32. Walia S, Alster TS. Prolonged clinical and histologic effects from CO2 laser resurfacing of atrophic acne scars. Dermatol Surg. 1999;25:926-30.
33. Tanzi EL, Alster TS. Single-pass carbon dioxide versus multiplepass Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing: A comparison of postoperative wound healing and side-effect rates. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29:80-4.
34. Chua SH, Ang P, Khoo LS, Goh CL. Nonablative 1450-nm diode laser in the treatment of facial atrophic acne scars in type IV to V Asian skin: A prospective clinical study. Dermatol Surg. 2004;30:1287-91.
35. Lee DH, Choi YS, Min SU, Yoon MY, Suh DH Comparison of a 585-nm pulsed dye laser and a 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of acne scars: A randomized split-face clinical study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;60:801-7.
36. Min SU, Choi YS, Lee DH, Yoon MY, Suh DH. Comparison of a longpulse Nd:YAG laser and a combined 585/1,064-nm laser for the treatment of acne scars: A randomized split-face clinical study. Dermatol Surg 2009;35:1720-7
37. Hasegawa T, Matsukura T, Mizuno Y, Suga Y, Ogawa H, Ikeda S. Clinical trial of a laser device called fractional photothermolysis system for acne scars. J Dermatol. 2006;33:623-7.
38. Manstein D, Herron GS, Sink RK, Tanner H, Anderson RR. Fractional photothermolysis: A new concept for cutaneous remodeling using microscopic patterns of thermal injury. Lasers Surg Med. 2004;34:426-38.
39. Chandrashekar B, Nandini A. Acne scar subcision. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2010;3:125-6.
40. Al-Dhalimi MA, Arnoos AA. Subcision for treatment of rolling acne scars in Iraqi patients: A clinical study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2012;11:144-50.
41. Aalami S, Balighi K, Lajevardi V, Akbari E. Subcision-suction method: A new successful combination therapy in treatment of atrophic acne scars and other depressed scars. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25:92-9.
42. Khunger N. Standard guidelines of care for acne surgery. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008;74:28-36.
43. AlGhamdi KM, AlEnazi MM. Versatile punch surgery. J Cutan Med Surg. 2011;15:87-96.
44. Khunger N; IADVL Task Force. Standard guidelines of care for acne surgery. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008;74:28-36.
45. Johnson WC.Treatment of pitted scars. Punch transplant technique. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1986;12:260.
46. de Almeida AR, de Oliveira NI, Kadunc BV, de Almeida Prado Sampaio S. Surgical pearl: Lubricating jelly as a dressing in punch grafts for pitted acne scars. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:613-5.
47. Goodman GJ. Management of post-acne scarring. What are the options for treatment? Am J Clin Dermatol. 2000;1:3-17.
48. Fabbrocini G, Fardella N, Monfrecola A, Proietti I, Innocenzi D. Acne scarring treatment using skin needling. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009;34:874-9.
49. Majid I. Microneedling therapy in atrophic facial scars: An objective assessment. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2009;2:26-30.
50. Doddaballapur S. Microneedling with dermaroller. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2009 l;2:110-1.
51. Fife D. Practical evaluation and management of atrophic acne scars: Tips for the general dermatologist. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2011;4:50-7.
52. Ayhan S, Baran CN, Yavuzer R, Latifoglu O, Cenetoglu S, Baran NK. Combined chemical peeling and dermabrasion for deep acne and post-traumatic scars as well as aging face. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102:1238-46.
53. O'Daniel TG. Multimodal management of atrophic acne scarring in the aging face. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2011;35:1143-50.
54. Sharad J. Combination of microneedling and glycolic acid peels for the treatment of acne scars in dark skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2011;10:317-23.
55. Kang WH, Kim YJ, Pyo WS, Park SJ, Kim JH. Atrophic acne scar treatment using triple combination therapy: Dot peeling, subcision and fractional laser. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2009;11:212-5.
56. Rodríguez J, Palomar MA, Torres J. Plasma rico en plaquetas: fundamentos biológicos y aplicaciones en cirugía maxilofacial y estética facial. Rev Esp Cir Oral Maxilofac. 2012;34:8-17.
57. Kim DH, Kim JY, Seo SH, Ahn HH, Kye YC, Choi JE. Recalcitrant cutaneous ulcer of comorbid patient treated with platelet rich plasma: A case report. J Korean Med Sci. 2012;27:1604-6.
58. Lee JW, Kim BJ, Kim MN, Mun SK. The efficacy of autologous platelet rich plasma combined with ablative carbon dioxide fractional resurfacing for acne scars: A simultaneous split-face trial. Dermatol Surg. 2011;37:931-8.
59. Juckett G, Hartman-Adams H. Management of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Am Fam Physician. 2009;80:253-60.
2. Layton AM, Henderson CA, Cunliffe WJ. A clinical evaluation of acne scarring and its incidence. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1994;19:303-8.
3. Levy LL, Zeichner JA. Management of acne scarring, part II: A comparative review of non-laser-based, minimally invasive approaches. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2012;13:331-40.
4. Fabbrocini G, Annunziata MC, D'Arco V, De Vita V, Lodi G, Mauriello MC, et al. Acne scars: Pathogenesis, classification and treatment. Dermatol Res Pract. 2010;2010:1-13.
5. Tsao SS, Dover JS, Arndt KA, Kaminer MS. Scar management: Keloid, hypertrophic, atrophic, and acne scars. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2002;21:46-75.
6. Holland DB, Jeremy AH, Roberts SG, Seukeran DC, Layton AM, Cunliffe WJ. Inflammation in acne scarring: A comparison of the responses in lesions from patients prone and not prone to scar. Br J Dermatol. 2004;150:72-81.
7. Basta-Juzbašić A. Current therapeutic approach to acne scars. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2010;18:171-5.
8. Goodman GJ, Baron JA. The management of postacne scarring. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33:1175-88.
9. Grupo Colombiano de Estudio en Acné. Guías colombianas para el manejo del acné: una revisión basada en la evidencia. Rev Asoc Colomb Dermatol. 2011;19:129-58.
10. Slavin JW. Trichloroacetic acid peels. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2004;24:469-70.
11. Bhardwaj D, Khunger N. An assessment of the efficacy and safety of CROSS technique with 100% TCA in the management of ice pick acne scars. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2010;3:93-6.
12. Grimes PE. The safety and efficacy of salicylic acid chemical peels in darker racial-ethnic groups. Dermatol Surg 1999;25:18-22.
13. Landau M. Chemical peels. Clin Dermatol. 2008;26:200-8.
14. Erbağci Z, Akçali C. Biweekly serial glycolic acid peels Vs. long-term daily use of topical low-strength glycolic acid in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. Int J Dermatol. 2000;39:789-94.
15. Berardesca E, Cameli N, Primavera G, Carrera M. Clinical and instrumental evaluation of skin improvement after treatment with a new 50% pyruvic acid peel. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32:526-31.
16. Kim EK, Hovsepian RV, Mathew P, Paul MD. Dermabrasion. Clin Plast Surg. 2011;38:391-5.
17. Campbell RM, Harmon CB. Dermabrasion in our practice. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008;7:124-8.
18. Alkhawam L, Alam M. Dermabrasion and microdermabrasion. Facial Plast Surg. 2009;25:301-10.
19. Tsai RY, Wang CN, Chan HL. Aluminum oxide crystal microdermabrasion. A new technique for treating facial scarring. Dermatol Surg. 1995;21:539-42.
20. Karimipour DJ, Karimipour G, Orringer JS. Microdermabrasion: An evidence-based review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125:372-7.
21. Rivera AE. Acne scarring: A review and current treatment modalities. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:659-76.
22. Glogau RG. Fillers: From the past to the future. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2012;31:78-87.
23. Sánchez I, Candelas D, Ruiz R. Materiales de relleno: tipos, indicaciones y complicaciones. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2010;101:381-93.
24. Bisaccia E, Saap L, Kadry R, Scarborough D. Non-invasive procedures in cosmetic dermatology. Skin Aging. 2007;15:38-40.
25. Sadove R. Injectable poly-L-lactic acid: A novel sculpting agent for the treatment of dermal fat atrophy after severe acne. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2009;33:113-6.
26. Sadick NS, Palmisano L. Case study involving use of injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) for acne scars. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2009;20:302-7.
27. Pinski KS, Roenigk HH Jr. Autologous fat transplantation. Longterm follow-up. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1992;18:179-84.
28. Barnett JG, Barnett CR. Treatment of acne scars with liquid silicone injections: 30-year perspective. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:1542-9.
29. Prather CL, Jones DH. Liquid injectable silicone for soft tissue augmentation. Dermatol Ther. 2006;19:159-68.
30. Carniol PJ, Meshkov L, Grunebaum LD. Laser treatment of facial scars. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;19:283-8.
31. Alexiades-Armenakas MR, Dover JS, Arndt KA. The spectrum of laser skin resurfacing: Nonablative, fractional, and ablative laser resurfacing. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58:719-37.
32. Walia S, Alster TS. Prolonged clinical and histologic effects from CO2 laser resurfacing of atrophic acne scars. Dermatol Surg. 1999;25:926-30.
33. Tanzi EL, Alster TS. Single-pass carbon dioxide versus multiplepass Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing: A comparison of postoperative wound healing and side-effect rates. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29:80-4.
34. Chua SH, Ang P, Khoo LS, Goh CL. Nonablative 1450-nm diode laser in the treatment of facial atrophic acne scars in type IV to V Asian skin: A prospective clinical study. Dermatol Surg. 2004;30:1287-91.
35. Lee DH, Choi YS, Min SU, Yoon MY, Suh DH Comparison of a 585-nm pulsed dye laser and a 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of acne scars: A randomized split-face clinical study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;60:801-7.
36. Min SU, Choi YS, Lee DH, Yoon MY, Suh DH. Comparison of a longpulse Nd:YAG laser and a combined 585/1,064-nm laser for the treatment of acne scars: A randomized split-face clinical study. Dermatol Surg 2009;35:1720-7
37. Hasegawa T, Matsukura T, Mizuno Y, Suga Y, Ogawa H, Ikeda S. Clinical trial of a laser device called fractional photothermolysis system for acne scars. J Dermatol. 2006;33:623-7.
38. Manstein D, Herron GS, Sink RK, Tanner H, Anderson RR. Fractional photothermolysis: A new concept for cutaneous remodeling using microscopic patterns of thermal injury. Lasers Surg Med. 2004;34:426-38.
39. Chandrashekar B, Nandini A. Acne scar subcision. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2010;3:125-6.
40. Al-Dhalimi MA, Arnoos AA. Subcision for treatment of rolling acne scars in Iraqi patients: A clinical study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2012;11:144-50.
41. Aalami S, Balighi K, Lajevardi V, Akbari E. Subcision-suction method: A new successful combination therapy in treatment of atrophic acne scars and other depressed scars. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25:92-9.
42. Khunger N. Standard guidelines of care for acne surgery. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008;74:28-36.
43. AlGhamdi KM, AlEnazi MM. Versatile punch surgery. J Cutan Med Surg. 2011;15:87-96.
44. Khunger N; IADVL Task Force. Standard guidelines of care for acne surgery. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008;74:28-36.
45. Johnson WC.Treatment of pitted scars. Punch transplant technique. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1986;12:260.
46. de Almeida AR, de Oliveira NI, Kadunc BV, de Almeida Prado Sampaio S. Surgical pearl: Lubricating jelly as a dressing in punch grafts for pitted acne scars. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:613-5.
47. Goodman GJ. Management of post-acne scarring. What are the options for treatment? Am J Clin Dermatol. 2000;1:3-17.
48. Fabbrocini G, Fardella N, Monfrecola A, Proietti I, Innocenzi D. Acne scarring treatment using skin needling. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009;34:874-9.
49. Majid I. Microneedling therapy in atrophic facial scars: An objective assessment. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2009;2:26-30.
50. Doddaballapur S. Microneedling with dermaroller. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2009 l;2:110-1.
51. Fife D. Practical evaluation and management of atrophic acne scars: Tips for the general dermatologist. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2011;4:50-7.
52. Ayhan S, Baran CN, Yavuzer R, Latifoglu O, Cenetoglu S, Baran NK. Combined chemical peeling and dermabrasion for deep acne and post-traumatic scars as well as aging face. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;102:1238-46.
53. O'Daniel TG. Multimodal management of atrophic acne scarring in the aging face. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2011;35:1143-50.
54. Sharad J. Combination of microneedling and glycolic acid peels for the treatment of acne scars in dark skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2011;10:317-23.
55. Kang WH, Kim YJ, Pyo WS, Park SJ, Kim JH. Atrophic acne scar treatment using triple combination therapy: Dot peeling, subcision and fractional laser. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2009;11:212-5.
56. Rodríguez J, Palomar MA, Torres J. Plasma rico en plaquetas: fundamentos biológicos y aplicaciones en cirugía maxilofacial y estética facial. Rev Esp Cir Oral Maxilofac. 2012;34:8-17.
57. Kim DH, Kim JY, Seo SH, Ahn HH, Kye YC, Choi JE. Recalcitrant cutaneous ulcer of comorbid patient treated with platelet rich plasma: A case report. J Korean Med Sci. 2012;27:1604-6.
58. Lee JW, Kim BJ, Kim MN, Mun SK. The efficacy of autologous platelet rich plasma combined with ablative carbon dioxide fractional resurfacing for acne scars: A simultaneous split-face trial. Dermatol Surg. 2011;37:931-8.
59. Juckett G, Hartman-Adams H. Management of keloids and hypertrophic scars. Am Fam Physician. 2009;80:253-60.
How to Cite
1.
Morales N, Aristizábal AM. Acne scars, a therapeutic challenge. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 2013 Oct. 1 [cited 2024 Jul. 3];21(4):328-36. Available from: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/252
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2013-10-01
How to Cite
1.
Morales N, Aristizábal AM. Acne scars, a therapeutic challenge. rev. asoc. colomb. dermatol. cir. dematol. [Internet]. 2013 Oct. 1 [cited 2024 Jul. 3];21(4):328-36. Available from: https://revista.asocolderma.org.co/index.php/asocolderma/article/view/252
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